a.	biotic environment	c.	ecosystem
b.	abiotic environment	d.	niche

'; answerText[9] = '

'; numberText[10] = '11.'; questionText[10] = '

a.	oxygen content of the water	c.	amount of light that penetrates the water
b.	nitrogen content of the water	d.	elevation of the body of water

'; answerText[10] = '

'; numberText[11] = '12.'; questionText[11] = '

a.	its trophic level	c.	its color
b.	the humidity it prefers	d.	when it reproduces

'; answerText[11] = '

'; numberText[12] = '13.'; questionText[12] = '

a.	with each other and their habitat.
b.	and their communities.
c.	with each other and their physical ' + 'environment.
d.	and the food they ' + 'eat.

'; answerText[12] = '

'; numberText[13] = '14.'; questionText[13] = '

a.	cataracts.	c.	cancer of the ' + 'retina.
b.	melanoma.	d.	All of the above

'; answerText[13] = '

'; numberText[14] = '15.'; questionText[14] = '

a.	leads to formation of acid precipitation.
b.	combines readily with water vapor.
c.	absorbs harmful radiation from the sun.
d.	All of the above

'; answerText[14] = '

'; numberText[15] = '16.'; questionText[15] = '

a.	making predictions about future ecological ' + 'changes.
b.	testing predictions ' + 'about future ecological changes.
c.	evaluating proposed solutions to environmental ' + 'problems.
d.	All of the ' + 'above

'; answerText[15] = '

'; numberText[16] = '17.'; questionText[16] = '

a.	habitat.	c.	community.
b.	tropical level.	d.	food zone.

'; answerText[16] = '

'; numberText[17] = '18.'; questionText[17] = '

a.	acclimation	c.	dormancy
b.	body temperature regulation	d.	migration

'; answerText[17] = '

'; numberText[18] = '19.'; questionText[18] = '

a.	its trophic level
b.	the humidity and temperature it prefers
c.	its number of chromosomes
d.	when it reproduces

'; answerText[18] = '

'; studentName = StripSpaces(f.student_name.value); FixMTF(f); index = 0; for (i=0; i < f.length; ++i) { if (f.elements[i].name.indexOf(":") > 0) { text = StripSpaces(GetResponse(index, f.elements[i])); if (text.length == 0) ++numBlank; ++index; } } if (studentName == "") { alert("Student name cannot be blank."); return(false); } if (numBlank > 0) { if (numBlank == 1) msg = "1 question"; else msg = numBlank + " questions"; if (!confirm("You have not answered " + msg + " Are you sure you want to end the test?")) return(false); } index = 0; for (i=0; i < f.length; ++i) { if (f.elements[i].name.indexOf(":") > 0) { text = GetResponse(index, f.elements[i]); if (ansMap[index] == "") { prefixText[index] = "

"; ++numSubjective; } else { isCorrect = ScoreAnswer(index, text); if (isCorrect) ++numCorrect; ++numPossible; prefixText[index] = BuildPrefixText(index, text, isCorrect); } responseText[index] = TranslateHtmlString(text); ++index; } } if (showNotes) { for (i=0; i < numQuestions; ++i) { if (qtypeMap.charAt(i) == "2") notesText[i] = FixMCNotes(notesText[i], responseText[i]); } } if (numPossible > 0) scorePercent = Math.round(100.0 * numCorrect / numPossible); else scorePercent = 0; studentName = TranslateHtmlString(studentName); document.writeln("n"); document.writeln(""); document.writeln("

n"); document.writeln(""); document.writeln("Name: " + studentName + "
"); document.write("Score: " + numCorrect + " / " + numPossible + " (" + scorePercent + "%)"); if (numSubjective > 0) { document.write("     [" + numSubjective + " subjective "); if (numSubjective == 1) document.write("question"); else document.write("questions"); document.write(" not graded]"); } document.writeln(" "); document.writeln("

"); document.writeln("

"); currentInstruction = 0; currentNarrative = 0; for (i=0; i < numQuestions; ++i) { if (currentInstruction < numInstructions) { if (instructionIndex[currentInstruction] == i) { document.writeln("

"); ++currentInstruction; } } if (currentNarrative < numNarratives) { if (narrativeIndex[currentNarrative] == i) { document.writeln("

"); ++currentNarrative; } } document.writeln("

"); document.writeln("

"); document.writeln("

"); document.writeln("

"); } document.writeln("

"); document.writeln(instructionText[currentInstruction]); document.writeln("   "); document.writeln("
"); document.writeln(narrativeText[currentNarrative]); document.writeln("   "); document.writeln("
" + prefixText[i] + "	" + numberText[i] + "	" + questionText[i]); document.writeln(" "); document.writeln(" "); if (listMap.charAt(i) != "1") { document.writeln(" "); document.writeln(" "); } if (showNotes) { document.writeln(" "); document.writeln(" "); } if (showRef) { document.writeln(" "); document.writeln(" "); } document.writeln(" RESPONSE:  " + responseText[i] + " NOTES:  " + notesText[i] + " REF:  " + refText[i] + " "); document.writeln("

"); document.writeln("
"); document.writeln("

"); document.writeln("

"); document.write("

"); document.writeln("

"); document.writeln("	"); document.write(""); document.writeln(" "); document.writeln("

"); document.writeln(""); document.writeln(""); document.close(); return(false); } function GetResponse(answerIndex, answer) { var listIndex; var responseText; if (listMap.charAt(answerIndex) == "1") { listIndex = answer.selectedIndex; responseText = answer.options[listIndex].text; } else responseText = answer.value; return(responseText); } function ScoreAnswer(answerIndex, responseText) { var listIndex; var answerText; answerText = ansMap[answerIndex]; if (qtypeMap.charAt(answerIndex) == "4") return(NumericCompare(responseText, answerText)); else if (qtypeMap.charAt(answerIndex) == "5") return(MultiCompare(responseText, answerText)); else if (responseText.toUpperCase() == answerText.toUpperCase()) return(true); else return(false); } function BuildPrefixText(answerIndex, responseText, isCorrect) { var text; var listIndex; text = "

"  		if (isCorrect)  			text += "

				

					
					

									

										
										
										
									
								

									

										
										
										
									
								

									

										
										
										
									
								

									

										
										
										
									
								
				
			
"  		else  			text += "

				

					
					

									

										
										
										
									
								

									

										
										
										
									
								

									

										
										
										
									
								

									

										
										
										
									
								
				
			
"    		if (listMap.charAt(answerIndex) == "1") {  			if (responseText.length == 0)  				responseText = " ";  			text += " " + responseText + " ";  		}    		text += "

" return(text); } function StripSpaces(s) { var len; var i; len = s.length; for (i=len - 1; i >= 0 && s.charAt(i) == " "; --i) len = i; if (len == 0) s = ""; else if (len != s.length) s = s.substring(0, len); return(s); } function TranslateHtmlString(text) { var newText; var replaceString; var position; var length; var breakPos; var skipExtra; var i; newText = ""; position = 0; length = text.length; while (position < length) { skipExtra = 0; breakPos = -1; for (i=position; i < length && breakPos < 0; ++i) { switch(text.charAt(i)) { case '>': replaceString = ">"; breakPos = i; break; case '<': replaceString = "<"; breakPos = i; break; case '&': replaceString = "&"; breakPos = i; break; case 'r': if ((i + 1) < length && text.charAt(i + 1) == 'n') skipExtra = 1; replaceString = "
"; breakPos = i; break; case 'n': replaceString = "
"; breakPos = i; break; case ' ': if ((i + 1 < length) && text.charAt(i + 1) == ' ') { replaceString = " "; breakPos = i; } break; } } if (breakPos < 0) { newText += text.substring(position, length); position = length; } else { if (breakPos > position) newText += text.substring(position, breakPos); newText += replaceString; position = breakPos + 1 + skipExtra; } } return(newText); } function FixMCNotes(notesText, studentText) { var displayText; var searchText; var upperNotes; var charCode; var startIndex; var endIndex; displayText = ""; if (studentText.length > 0 && notesText.length > 0) { upperNotes = notesText.toUpperCase(); studentText = studentText.toUpperCase(); charCode = studentText.charCodeAt(0); searchText = "/" + String.fromCharCode(charCode) + "/"; startIndex = upperNotes.indexOf(searchText); if (startIndex >= 0) { startIndex += searchText.length; searchText = "/" + String.fromCharCode(charCode + 1) + "/"; endIndex = upperNotes.indexOf(searchText, startIndex); if (endIndex < startIndex) endIndex = notesText.length; displayText = notesText.substring(startIndex, endIndex); } else if (notesText.charAt(0) != "/") displayText = notesText; } return(displayText); } function NumericCompare(s1, s2) { var s1Sign; var s2Sign; var tempString; var decimalCount; var decimalPos; var numToDelete; var len; var ch; var i; s1.toUpperCase(); s2.toUpperCase(); if (s1 == s2) return(true); else { s1Sign = 1; s2Sign = 1; tempString = ""; for (i=0; i < s1.length; ++i) { ch = s1.charAt(i); if (ch == "-" && tempString.length == 0) s1Sign = -1; else if ((ch >= "0" && ch <= "9") || ch == ".") tempString += ch; } s1 = tempString; decimalCount = 0; decimalPos = -1; for (i=0; i < s1.length; ++i) { if (s1.charAt(i) == '.') { ++decimalCount; if (decimalPos < 0) decimalPos = i; } } if (decimalCount == 1 && decimalPos >= 0) { len = s1.length; for (i=len - 1; i >= decimalPos; --i) { if (i == decimalPos || s1.charAt(i) == '0') len = i; else break; } if (len < s1.length) s1 = s1.substring(0, len); if (s1.length == 0) s1 = "0"; } numToDelete = 0; for (i=0; i < s1.length; ++i) { if (s1.charAt(i) == "0") ++numToDelete; else break; } if (numToDelete > 0) { if (numToDelete == s1.length) --numToDelete; if (numToDelete > 0) s1 = s1.substring(numToDelete); } ///////////////////////////////////////////// tempString = ""; for (i=0; i < s2.length; ++i) { ch = s2.charAt(i); if (ch == "-" && tempString.length == 0) s2Sign = -1; else if ((ch >= "0" && ch <= "9") || ch == ".") tempString += ch; } s2 = tempString; decimalCount = 0; decimalPos = -1; for (i=0; i < s2.length; ++i) { if (s2.charAt(i) == '.') { ++decimalCount; if (decimalPos < 0) decimalPos = i; } } if (decimalCount == 1 && decimalPos >= 0) { len = s2.length; for (i=len - 1; i >= decimalPos; --i) { if (i == decimalPos || s2.charAt(i) == '0') len = i; else break; } if (len < s2.length) s2 = s2.substring(0, len); if (s2.length == 0) s2 = "0"; } numToDelete = 0; for (i=0; i < s2.length; ++i) { if (s2.charAt(i) == "0") ++numToDelete; else break; } if (numToDelete > 0) { if (numToDelete == s2.length) --numToDelete; if (numToDelete > 0) s2 = s2.substring(numToDelete); } if (s1Sign == s2Sign && s1 == s2) return(true); } return(false); } function MultiCompare(responseText, answerText) { var startIndex; var endIndex; var partialText; responseText = responseText.toUpperCase(); answerText = answerText.toUpperCase(); startIndex = 0; do { endIndex = answerText.indexOf("r", startIndex); if (endIndex < 0) partialText = answerText.substring(startIndex); else partialText = answerText.substring(startIndex, endIndex); if (responseText == partialText) return(true); startIndex = endIndex + 1; } while (endIndex > 0); return(false); } function FixMTF(f) { var text; var letter; var theList; var listIndex; var number; var i; for (i=0; i < f.length; ++i) { if (f.elements[i].name.indexOf("MTF:") == 0) { number = parseInt(f.elements[i].name.substring(4), 10); theList = f["MTF-" + number + "-1"]; if (theList) { listIndex = theList.selectedIndex; letter = theList.options[listIndex].text; } else letter = ""; text = StripSpaces(f["MTF-" + number + "-2"].value); if (text == "") f.elements[i].value = letter; else f.elements[i].value = letter + "," + text; } } } function AllowReset() { return(window.confirm("Do you want to clear all of your answers?")); } // -->

Name:                Ecosystem Interactions

 

True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
TF	1.	Freshwater habitats are independent of terrestrial habitats.
TF	2.	An ecosystem consists of biotic and abiotic factors.
TF	3.	Clearing a forest would reduce the amount of energy available to the consumers.
TF	4.	While an understanding of the interactions between organisms and their environment was very important to early hunter and gatherer humans, it is even more important today because humans are having significant effects on the environment.
TF	5.	Cutting down trees in a forest alters the habitat of the organisms living in the forest.
TF	6.	An organism’s niche includes its habitat.
Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
ABCD	7.	Abiotic factors affect an ecosystem by all of these except the a. quantity and quality of water c. nitrogen-fixing bacteria b. amount of light available d. quantity of minerals
ABCD	8.	The most important single factor affecting the biosphere is a. solar radiation c. precipitation b. the biotic community d. wind
ABCD	9.	Which of the following is the smallest ecological unit? a. a community c. a population b. a biome d. an ecosystem
ABCD	10.	Collectively, physical factors such as light, temperature, and moisture that affect an organism’s life and survival are called the a. biotic environment c. ecosystem b. abiotic environment d. niche
ABCD	11.	The rate of photosynthesis carried on by plants living in a body of water depends upon the a. oxygen content of the water c. amount of light that penetrates the water b. nitrogen content of the water d. elevation of the body of water
ABCD	12.	Which of the following would not be included in a description of an organism’s niche? a. its trophic level c. its color b. the humidity it prefers d. when it reproduces
ABCD	13.	Ecology is the study of the interaction of living organisms a. with each other and their habitat. b. and their communities. c. with each other and their physical environment. d. and the food they eat.
ABCD	14.	The destruction of the ozone layer may be responsible for an increase in a. cataracts. c. cancer of the retina. b. melanoma. d. All of the above
ABCD	15.	Ozone in the atmosphere a. leads to formation of acid precipitation. b. combines readily with water vapor. c. absorbs harmful radiation from the sun. d. All of the above
ABCD	16.	Ecological models are useful for a. making predictions about future ecological changes. b. testing predictions about future ecological changes. c. evaluating proposed solutions to environmental problems. d. All of the above
ABCD	17.	The physical location of an ecosystem in which a given species lives is called a a. habitat. c. community. b. tropical level. d. food zone.
ABCD	18.	Which of the following is not an adaptation for avoiding unfavorable conditions? a. acclimation c. dormancy b. body temperature regulation d. migration
ABCD	19.	Which of the following would not be included in a description of an organism’s niche? a. its trophic level b. the humidity and temperature it prefers c. its number of chromosomes d. when it reproduces