Chapter 1 Introduction Study Guide

Name: 

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.  If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.

Accepting ideas is the cornerstone of scientific thought. _________________________

Skepticism is a habit of mind in which a person accepts the validity of accepted ideas. _________________________

The law of gravity and the law of conservation of energy are national laws. _________________________

Scientific investigations require ethical behavior. _________________________

Most scientific investigations begin with observations that lead to universal laws. _________________________

A hypothesis is a possible explanation that can be tested by observation or experimentation. _________________________

The control group and the experimental group are identical except for one variable. _________________________

A hypothesis is a general explanation for a broad range of data. _________________________

International System of Units (SI) is the official name of the metric system. _________________________

A centimeter is equal to 10 millimeters. _________________________

Light and electron autoclaves help magnify objects. _________________________

A technique is a way of doing something. _________________________

In the event of a lab accident, one thing you should always do is remain calm. _________________________

Biology is the study of nonliving things. _________________________

A student who wants to study bacteria would take microbiology classes. _________________________

Reproduction insures ongoing generations of both one-celled organisms and frogs. _________________________

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in spite of changes in the external environment. _________________________

The bacterium that causes cholera is an example of a pathogen. _________________________

Scientists discovered that predicting the spread of cholera involves understanding reproductive behavior of plankton. _________________________

The study of all the factors in the spread of cholera in human populations is an example of ecology. _________________________

Scientists in the 21st century are better able to prevent disease because of their improved understanding of biology. _________________________

The completion of the Human Genome Project was one minor contribution to the ability to cure disease. _________________________

Scientists expect people to live longer lives because of advances in the science of biology. _________________________

The application of technology to medicine has greatly increased the ability of people to live healthy lives. _________________________

Genetic engineering is the only practical application of biotechnology. _________________________

Genetic engineering is widely used in agriculture to produce crops that are pest-resistant. _________________________

Surrounding a drug compound with a layer of atoms that allows for the slow release of the drug is an example of genetic engineering. _________________________

Making a new kind of fastener modeled on the way an aquatic animal fastens onto rocks on the ocean floor is an example of nanotechnology. _________________________

Biometrics involves analyzing large amounts of data on biological characteristics. _________________________

Unique genetic traits, such as hair color, are the most important source of data for biometrics. _________________________

Advances in biotechnology have been slowed by ethical concerns. _________________________

The ethics of different kinds of biotechnology will be decided by individuals and scientists. _________________________

One good way to protect the environment is to learn more about it. _________________________

Environmental science involves neither the study of organisms nor their physical surroundings. _________________________

One reason that wildlife biologists collect DNA samples from endangered species is the hope that these species can be cloned if they become extinct. _________________________

Genetic engineering is used to track the movements of animals in the wild. _________________________

Community environmental groups make problems for environmental research. _________________________

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Which of the following do scientists not use to support ideas?

Which of the following applies to all branches of science?

Which of the following is unethical behavior in scientific investigations?

Scientific thinking can be used

A scientist noticed that the number of salamanders in ponds in the Rocky Mountains was declining. This was a(n)

A hypothesis is a

observation : hypothesis ::

Most typically, the order in which the steps of scientific investigations are applied is

If experiments are not possible or ethical, scientists

Scientific hypotheses are most often tested by the process of

A planned procedure to test a hypothesis is called a(n)

The variable that is measured in an experiment is the _____ variable.

A general explanation for a broad range of data is called a

A scientific theory is

Scientists build theories from many

The metric system of measurement is based on powers of

A specialized tool used to magnify organisms so that they can be observed is a

Which of the following would scientists use to prevent contamination in an experiment?

Which of the following is the most recent tool available to scientists?

You can work safely in the science lab by

All of the following are important for working safely in a science laboratory except

Biology is the study of

The branch of biology that is the study of the human body is

Which of the following is not one of the seven properties of life?

As a characteristic of all living things, homeostasis relates most directly to which of the following biological themes?

chemical reactions : metabolism ::

All living things maintain a balance within their cells and with the environment through the process of

The energy that drives metabolism in animals comes from

Children tend to resemble their parents due to

A field of sunflowers facing the sun is an example of

The changes in human babies during their first year of life is an example of

Filtering contaminated water through a sari is

All of the following should be researched in studying the epidemiology of waterborne diseases except the

One of the most important tools in preventing the spread of disease is

computer modeling : epidemiology ::

Which of the following terms is used to refer to a piece of equipment made for a specific use?

Which of the following is least likely to help humans live longer?

knowledge of biology : human potential ::

The technology of changing the genetic material of a living cell is called

Planting Bt corn helps farmers decrease the use of

All of the following are known advantages of planting Bt corn except it

The application of a biological structure or process to solve design problems is called

Which of these biotechnologies has the potential to repair tissues inside the body?

clam shell formation : ceramics ::

The analysis of biological traits to identify people is called

Which of the following traits of an individual would be most useful for identifying a victim in a forensic investigation?

The ethical concerns about biotechnology must be addressed by

All of the following biotechnologies are considered by some to be unethical except

Which of the following would be an unethical use of biometric data and methods?

Which of the following is considered to be one of the most important applications of biology?

In order to make wise decisions about the use of natural resources, citizens will need to have a better understanding of

ecology : environmental science ::

What do the initials GIS stand for?

Satellite tagging is a technology that is most likely to be used in

Each of the following is a part of a GIS program except

Which of the following must be done before an environmental study is begun locally?

At the Raptor Rehabilitation Center, students in an environmental club help take care of injured and orphaned birds of prey. Based on this information, what does the term raptor refer to?

Completion
Complete each statement.

The medical treatment for ulcers changed after scientists discovered that ____________________ cause stomach ulcers.

The questioning and often doubtful attitude required for scientific thought is called ____________________.

The truths that govern science and are valid everywhere in the universe are universal ____________________.

____________________ are a system of moral principles and values.

Most scientific investigations begin with ____________________ that lead to questions.

A reason to set up an experiment is to test a ____________________.

A(n) ____________________ experiment is a procedure that tests one factor at a time and that uses a(n) ____________________ group and an experimental group.

In a controlled experiment, the ____________________ group is the group that has one variable changed.

In an experiment, the ____________________ group receives no experimental treatment.

Factors that may change as a result of experimental treatment are ____________________ variables.

A(n) ____________________ is a specific, testable prediction for a limited set of conditions, and a(n) ____________________ is a general explanation for a broad range of data.

Scientists use the ______________________________ system to make measurements.

SI is the abbreviation for the ____________________ System of Units.

The SI base unit for length is the ____________________.

A kilogram is equal to ____________________ grams.

In a light microscope, light passes through one or more ____________________ to produce an enlarged image of an object.

Scientists use ____________________ techniques to minimize the risk of contamination.

The study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with the nonliving part of their environment is called ____________________.

The branch of biology that studies the changes in types of organisms over time is called ___________________ theory.

Scientists who study whales, bats, or bears in their natural habitat are called ____________________ biologists.

The process of _________________ traits changing over time is called evolution.

Every living organism is composed of one or more ____________________.

All cells have the same basic ____________________.

The sum of all chemical reactions carried out in an organism is ____________________.

The energy used by living organisms originates from the ____________________.

The study of ____________________ involves finding out how diseases are spread.

Cholera bacteria can cause the disease only when ____________________ increases.

A ____________________ is a medical procedure that allows a person to resist infection by a certain disease.

Many new tools for studying and treating diseases caused by problems in genes have come from the study of ____________________.

In developed countries, the length of human lives has nearly ____________________ in the past century.

One example of an assistive technology that helps people in everyday life is ____________________.

The gene that was added to Bt corn came from a(n) ____________________.

Bt corn contains a gene that produces a ____________________ that kills the European core borer.

The robotic items produced through nanotechnology often resemble tiny ____________________.

Imitating biological structures, processes, and systems to solve engineering problems is called ____________________.

Because of ____________________, dissection is no longer needed to determine the shapes and locations of internal organs.

Fingerprints and iris patterns are useful in identification because they are ____________________ to individuals.

Material used in ____________________ is obtained from hair and skin cells.

Research that involves human stem cells is limited because many people think that such research is ____________________.

The study of living organisms and their environments is called _________________________.

The existence of undiscovered resources is an important reason to study and ____________________ natural environments.

The movements of wildlife can be studied through the technology of ____________________.

Wildlife agents use the technology of ____________________ to identify the remains of endangered animals and to identify who killed them.

The people in communities who make contributions to environmental research are called ____________________.

Students make contributions to environmental conservation by helping to care for ____________________ or ____________________ wildlife.

What universal law applies in a study of the flight of birds? How does it apply?

How could you use scientific thought to investigate a claim about a product?

Write a hypothesis to explain why the water level in an aquarium is going down.

What two groups are part of a controlled experiment?

What is the difference between an independent variable and dependent variables in a controlled experiment?

How does a scientist verify the conclusions of an experiment?

What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?

What makes SI easy to use?

What are the base SI units for volume, length, and mass?

What are two common kinds of microscopes. How do they differ?

What is sterile technique? What are four tools of sterile technique?

Suppose you are a scientist who studies sharks in their natural habitat. What are two names that describe the kind of biologist you are?

What is heredity?

Name the seven properties of life.

How are data from weather and climate satellites used in epidemiology?

How does a vaccination help people and animals resist disease?

How will the completion of the Human Genome Project contribute to biological research in the 21st Century?

List two examples of assistive technologies that will improve the lives of people with injuries and diseases.

How does genetic engineering that produced Bt corn help to increase the yield in a farmer’s corn field?

List two practical applications of biotechnology other than genetic engineering.

How has genetic engineering improved the treatment of people who have diabetes?

From what biological structure did engineers get the idea for a submarine?

What makes iris scans an effective technology for identifying people?

List two biological characteristics of individuals, besides fingerprints and iris patterns, that can be analyzed by computers to identify people.

List two concerns that people have expressed about the ethics of biotechnology.

List three important resources that all living things get from the environment.

What do the initials GIS stand for?

What is satellite tagging?

List three steps that students could take to get involved in environmental research.

Explain why accurate data and peer review are important in science.

The results of an experiment do not support the hypothesis that the experiment was designed to test. Was the experiment a waste of time? Explain your answer.

Explain the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable in a controlled experiment. Also indicate whether or not each kind of variable would be found in a control group and an experimental group.

Summarize the steps in the development of a theory.

Before doing experiments, what should you know about lab safety? What procedure should you follow if an accident occurs during an experiment in your class?

List and describe the seven properties of life shared by all living organisms.

Toads that live in hot, dry regions bury themselves in the soil during the day. How might this be important to toads?

Refer to the map above. West Nile Virus is a virus that attacks the nervous system of birds, humans, and many other mammals. The virus first appeared in the United States in 1999, when an outbreak was reported in the New York City area. Based on this background and the information shown in the map, write a paragraph that summarizes the state of West Nile Virus incidence in the United States as of 2006.

Explain how increased understanding of biology and science in general should enable humans to live longer and healthier lives.

Compare and contrast fingerprints and DNA fingerprints as a means of identifying individuals.

Ethics is the study of whether human actions are moral (right or wrong, acceptable or unacceptable). Summarize the role of ethics in guiding the future of biotechnology.

What important lesson can be learned from the recent discovery of new kinds of organisms in a remote area of New Guinea?