Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Viruses are considered nonliving because
a. | they cannot reproduce by themselves. | b. | they are not made up of
cells. | c. | they cannot carry out metabolism by themselves. | d. | All of the
above |
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2.
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The study of viruses is a part of biology because
a. | they belong to the kingdom Eubacteria. | b. | they are about to become
extinct. | c. | they are living organisms. | d. | they are active inside living
cells. |
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3.
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Biologists now know that viruses
a. | are the smallest organisms. | b. | consist of a protein surrounded by a nucleic
acid coat. | c. | contain RNA or DNA in a protein or lipid-protein coat. | d. | all form the same
crystalline shape. |
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4.
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The capsid of a virus is the
a. | protective outer coat. | b. | cell membrane. | c. | nucleus. | d. | cell wall and membrane
complex. |
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5.
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Viruses are classified according to
a. | whether they contain RNA or DNA. | b. | the shape of their genome. | c. | whether they have a
membrane envelope. | d. | All of the
above |
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6.
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All viruses have
a. | cytoplasm. | c. | mitochondria. | b. | ribosomes. | d. | None of the
above |
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7.
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Tobacco mosaic virus
a. | is able to be crystallized. | b. | causes disease in tobacco
plants. | c. | is smaller than a bacterium. | d. | All of the
above |
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8.
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Scientists first began to study viruses because they
a. | were seen through a microscope. | b. | could not be seen but caused
disease. | c. | formed crystals. | d. | were made of
cells. |
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9.
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Viruses that use reverse transcriptase to cause their host cells to transcribe
DNA from an RNA template are called
a. | bacteriophages. | c. | retroviruses. | b. | antibodies. | d. | capsoviruses. |
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10.
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Which of the following contains only RNA?
a. | a prion | c. | a viroid | b. | a virus | d. | All of the
above |
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11.
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Unlike viruses, prions
a. | are capable of reproducing outside of a host cell. | b. | are composed only of
protein. | c. | can cause brain infections. | d. | can be treated with
antibiotics. |
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12.
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A typical virus consists of
a. | a protein coat and a cytoplasm core. | b. | a carbohydrate coat and a nucleic acid
core. | c. | a protein coat and a nucleic acid core. | d. | a polysaccharide
coat and a nucleic acid core. |
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13.
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Refer to the illustration above. Which structure could possibly be made of
RNA?
a. | structure 2 | c. | structure 4 | b. | structure 3 | d. | structure 5 |
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14.
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Refer to the illustration above. Which structure is found outside the cell after
the cell is infected?
a. | structure 1 | c. | structure 3 | b. | structure 2 | d. | structure 4 |
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15.
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Viruses
a. | are cellular organisms. | b. | reproduce only in living
cells. | c. | have nuclei and organelles. | d. | are surrounded by a polysaccharide
coat. |
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16.
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Animal viruses often infect only specific host cells because
a. | the virus must have the same DNA as the host cell. | b. | the host cell must
have specific receptors for proteins on the virus surface. | c. | viruses have
receptors for host cell glycoproteins. | d. | the enzymes of the virus can attach only to
specific host cells. |
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17.
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In which cell cycle(s) does viral DNA become integrated into the host
cell’s DNA?
a. | lytic | b. | lysogenic | c. | neither lytic nor
lysogenic | d. | both lytic and lysogenic |
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18.
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Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections because
a. | host cells protect the viruses. | b. | viruses have enzymes that inactivate the
antibiotics. | c. | antibiotics interfere with cellular processes that viruses do not
perform. | d. | viral protein coats block the antibiotics from entering the
virus. |
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19.
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Which of the following is not a viral disease of humans?
a. | hepatitis | b. | SARS | c. | shingles | d. | All of the above are viral diseases of
humans. |
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20.
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Which of the following is not linked to cancer?
a. | Ebola virus | c. | hepatitis B virus | b. | human papillomavirus | d. | Epstein-Barr
virus |
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21.
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Which of the following human activities is most closely associated with the
emergence of viruses not previously seen in humans?
a. | absence of a vaccination program | b. | crowded living conditions | c. | clearing of forests
for housing | d. | eating uncooked meat |
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22.
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Most scientists think that early viruses originated from
a. | other viruses. | b. | existing cell parts. | c. | animals. | d. | spontaneous
generation. |
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23.
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HIV causes AIDS by
a. | converting a proto-oncogene to an oncogene. | b. | damaging a
person’s blood vessels. | c. | destroying the covering of a person’s
nerves. | d. | gradually destroying a person’s immune system. |
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24.
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Which of the following is not a vector of viral diseases?
a. | mosquitoes | c. | prions | b. | ticks | d. | humans |
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25.
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Which of the following has been the most successful at fighting viral
diseases?
a. | vaccination | c. | drug therapy | b. | vector control | d. | Both a and b |
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26.
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Most scientists believe that viruses first appeared on Earth ____ living cells
appeared.
a. | after | b. | a very long time before | c. | at the exact time
when | d. | immediately before |
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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27.
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The protein coat of a virus is called a(n) ____________________.
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28.
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Viruses can vary in size and ____________________.
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29.
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A virus that transcribes DNA from an RNA template is called a(n)
____________________.
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30.
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An enzyme called _________________________ manufactures DNA that is
complementary to a virus’s RNA.
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31.
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____________________ are viruses that infect bacteria and have a polyhedral head
and a helical tail.
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32.
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All viruses reproduce by taking over the reproductive machinery of a(n)
____________________.
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33.
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Viruses that infect a host cell and have their nucleic acid replicated but do
not harm the host cell are in a(n) ____________________ cycle.
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34.
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The replication of a temperate virus includes the ____________________
cycle.
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35.
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The virus that causes AIDS is called _________________________.
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36.
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Some viruses are thought to induce ____________________, a disease characterized
by uncontrolled cell division.
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37.
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The Ebola virus, the SARS virus, and hantavirus are examples of
____________________ viruses.
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38.
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In the ____________________ cycle, viruses destroy the host cell.
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39.
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Chickenpox and ____________________ are caused by the same virus.
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Problem
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40.
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A new disease has suddenly appeared and scientists are trying to determine
whether the disease agent is a virus or a bacterium. They collect the following
information:
1. The disease can be transmitted through the
air.
2. The disease agent is too small to be seen under a light
microscope.
3. There are no known antibiotics that are effective
against the disease.
4. The genetic material of the disease agent is
DNA.
5. The disease agent cannot be cultured using any known culture
medium.
Is the disease agent most likely a bacterium or a virus? Explain your answer. Write
your answer in the space below.
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