Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make
the statement true.
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1.
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Scientists use taxonomy to determine the evolutionary history of
organisms. _________________________
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2.
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Taxonomy provides consistent ways to name organisms.
_________________________
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3.
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Scientific names of organisms consist of two English terms.
_________________________
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4.
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Two different organisms cannot have the same scientific name.
_________________________
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5.
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Genus is the basic biological unit in the Linnaean system of
classification. _________________________
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6.
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A genus is a taxonomic category that contains several families.
_________________________
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7.
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Under the Linnaean system of classification, organisms are grouped on the basis
of similarities in structure. _________________________
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8.
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Linnaeus devised eight levels of classification categories for living
things. _________________________
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9.
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The least inclusive group to which an organism can be assigned is its
kingdom. _________________________
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10.
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Kingdoms are subgroups of phyla. _________________________
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11.
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A species is a larger taxonomic group than a genus.
_________________________
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12.
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Bird wings and insect wings are examples of analogous structures.
_________________________
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13.
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Organisms that have similar traits but evolved independently are the result of
convergent evolution. _________________________
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14.
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Cladistics is used to determine the sequence in which different groups of
organisms evolved. _________________________
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15.
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In modern systematics, studies of the changes in the skeletons of
vertebrates have helped researchers to estimate the time at which each species began to evolve.
_________________________
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16.
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Comparing the sequence of DNA bases in the genes of several organisms is used to
determine the order in which the organisms evolved. _________________________
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17.
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All organisms in the kingdom Animalia are multicellular heterotrophs
whose cells lack cell walls. _________________________
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18.
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Archaea are eukaryotes that are characterized by several unique
biochemical characteristics. _________________________
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19.
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Traditionally, bacteria have been classified on the basis of their shape,
cell wall composition, and metabolism. _________________________
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20.
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Most organisms in the kingdoms Plantae and Animalia are multicellular.
_________________________
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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21.
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Taxonomy is
a. | the study of life. | b. | the science of naming and classifying
organisms. | c. | the evolutionary history of a species. | d. | the sequence in which different groups
evolved. |
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22.
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An advantage of our scientific naming system is that
a. | common names mean the same in all countries. | b. | Latin names are easy
to pronounce. | c. | biologists can communicate regardless of their native languages. | d. | organisms all have
the same scientific name. |
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23.
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All scientific names of organisms must be
a. | unique and have two Latin words. | b. | general and use the species
name. | c. | different and repeat the phylum name. | d. | similar and include the common
name. |
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24.
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Linnaeus’s two-word system for naming organisms is called
a. | taxonomic evolution. | c. | Greek polynomials. | b. | Genus species. | d. | binomial
nomenclature. |
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25.
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In the Linnaean system of classification, the level that identifies one unique
organism is the
a. | kingdom. | c. | genus. | b. | family. | d. | species. |
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26.
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The largest division that a group of organisms can belong to is a
a. | domain. | c. | genus. | b. | class. | d. | kingdom. |
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27.
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Placement in each level of classification is based on
a. | specific characteristics. | c. | shared
characteristics. | b. | general characteristics. | d. | different characteristics. |
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28.
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Similar genera are grouped into a(n)
a. | phylum. | c. | family. | b. | class. | d. | order. |
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29.
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Analogous structures
a. | have a common size in organisms. | b. | perform the same function in
organisms. | c. | have the same structure in organisms. | d. | evolve from a common
ancestor. |
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30.
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Traditional systematics emphasizes the importance of
a. | derived characteristics. | c. | similar
characteristics. | b. | unique characteristics. | d. | compared characteristics. |
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31.
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Similar features that evolve through convergent evolution are called
a. | analogous characters. | c. | environmental characters. | b. | homologous
characters. | d. | genetic
characters. |
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32.
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Convergent evolution produces analogous characters in different species as the
result of
a. | similar environments. | c. | sharing a common ancestor. | b. | different
environments. | d. | shared
derived characters. |
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33.
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A phylogenetic tree differs from a cladogram in that a phylogenetic tree
a. | hypothesizes the time at which each group of organisms evolved. | b. | also indicates the
new characteristics that evolved with each group of organisms | c. | only illustrates
hypothesized relationships among groups of organisms. | d. | predicts the next group of organisms that is
expected to evolve. |
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34.
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Studies of fossils of dinosaurs and birds show that
a. | feathers may not be an important difference between dinosaurs and birds.
| b. | dinosaurs can be considered to be modern descendents of birds. | c. | the anatomies of the
dinosaurs and birds are unrelated. | d. | dinosaurs and birds share many analogous
characters. |
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35.
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A model used by biologists to represent evolutionary history among species is
called a
a. | phylogram. | c. | histogram. | b. | cladogram. | d. | parallelogram. |
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36.
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Derived characters are traits
a. | that are shared by all species. | b. | that originated in a common
ancestor. | c. | found in closely related species. | d. | found in distantly related
species. |
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37.
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During Linnaeus’ time, scientists divided all living organisms into
a. | five phyla. | c. | three domains. | b. | four families. | d. | two kingdoms. |
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38.
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Sponges are animals that were once classified as
a. | bacteria. | c. | plants. | b. | fungi. | d. | protists. |
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39.
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Which of the following characteristics was used to reclassify sponges?
a. | body type | c. | cell walls | b. | cell type | d. | nutrition |
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40.
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The kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria were once grouped in a kingdom
called
a. | Protista. | c. | Monera. | b. | Animalia. | d. | Plantae. |
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41.
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Four of the kingdoms include eukaryotes and the other two include
a. | plants. | c. | animals. | b. | fungi. | d. | prokaryotes. |
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42.
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Which of the following is not a characteristic used to differentiate
kingdoms?
a. | cell type | c. | nutrition | b. | root system | d. | body type |
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43.
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Protista is an example of a
a. | kingdom. | c. | genus. | b. | class. | d. | species. |
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44.
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Which two kingdoms contain both unicellular and multicellular organisms?
a. | Archaea and Animalia | c. | Animalia and Fungi | b. | Protists and Bacteria | d. | Protista and
Fungi |
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45.
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One difference between plants and animals is that plants are
a. | prokaryotic and animals are eukaryotic. | b. | eukaryotic and
animals are prokaryotic. | c. | autotrophs and animals are
heterotrophs. | d. | heterotrophs and animals are autotrophs. |
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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46.
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The current system used for naming organisms was developed by
____________________.
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47.
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The two-word system for naming organisms is called
_________________________.
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48.
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The scientific name of an organism gives biologists a common way of
____________________ regardless of their native languages.
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49.
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All names assigned to organisms under the Linnaean system are in the
____________________ language.
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50.
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The unique two-word name for a species is its ____________________ name.
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51.
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All living things are grouped into one of three ____________________.
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52.
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There are ____________________ levels of classification in the modern
classification system.
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53.
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A kingdom contains many ____________________.
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54.
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Classes with similar characteristics are assigned to a(n)
____________________.
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55.
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Each level of classification is based on ____________________ shared by all the
organisms it contains.
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56.
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Homo habilis, Homo erectus, and Homo sapiens all belong to the
same ____________________.
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57.
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Traditionally, scientists have used differences in appearance and
____________________ to classify organisms.
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58.
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Unlike cladistics, traditional systematics places more ____________________ on
some traits than on others.
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59.
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Analogous structures are found in ____________________ taxa as a result of
similar environmental conditions.
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60.
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The type of evolution that results in similar characteristics found in different
organisms as the result of selection within similar environments is called ____________________
evolution.
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61.
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The evolutionary history of a species is called its ____________________.
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62.
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Shared derived characters are found in organisms that once shared a(n)
____________________ ancestor.
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63.
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A method of analysis that reconstructs phylogenies by inferring relationships
based on shared characteristics is called ____________________.
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64.
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A model developed by systematists that uses shared derived characters to show
the evolutionary history of different organisms is called a(n) ____________________.
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65.
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Cladistics is used to determine the ____________________ in which different
groups of organisms evolved.
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66.
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Animals that appear early on a cladogram do not share as many of the same
____________________ traits as the animals that appear later on the cladogram.
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67.
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Modern systematic biologists use the ____________________ rate of DNA mutations
like a “molecular clock.”
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68.
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Bacteria have strong exterior cell walls made of ____________________.
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69.
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An organism made of many cells that are permanently associated and that
coordinate their activities is called a(n) ____________________ organism.
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70.
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Eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, or animals are called
____________________.
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