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Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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What did Griffith observe when he injected into mice a mixture of heat-killed disease-causing bacteria and live harmless bacteria?
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a.
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The disease-causing bacteria changed into harmless bacteria. |
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b.
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The mice developed pneumonia. |
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c.
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The harmless bacteria died. |
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d.
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The mice were unaffected. |
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2.
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Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
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a.
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ribose + phosphate group + thymine |
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b.
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ribose + phosphate group + uracil |
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c.
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deoxyribose + phosphate group + uracil |
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d.
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deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine |
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3.
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DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
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a.
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each with two new strands. |
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b.
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one with two new strands and the other with two original strands. |
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c.
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each with one new strand and one original strand. |
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d.
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each with two original strands. |
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4.
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During mitosis, the
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a.
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DNA molecules unwind. |
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b.
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histones and DNA molecules separate. |
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c.
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DNA molecules become more tightly coiled. |
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d.
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nucleosomes become less tightly packed. |
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5.
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Unlike DNA, RNA contains
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a.
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adenine. |
c.
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phosphate groups. |
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b.
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uracil. |
d.
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thymine. |
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6.
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Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis?
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a.
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transfer RNA only |
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b.
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messenger RNA only |
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c.
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ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA only |
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d.
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messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA |
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7.
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During transcription, an RNA molecule is formed
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a.
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that is complementary to both strands of DNA. |
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b.
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that is complementary to neither strand of DNA. |
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c.
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that is double-stranded. |
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d.
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inside the nucleus. |
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8.
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How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?
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9.
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Which of the following terms is LEAST closely related to the others?
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a.
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intron |
c.
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polypeptide |
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b.
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tRNA |
d.
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anticodon |
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10.
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Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code?
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a.
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rRNA |
c.
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mRNA |
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b.
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tRNA |
d.
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RNA polymerase |
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11.
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Which of the following is NOT a gene mutation?
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a.
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inversion |
c.
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deletion |
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b.
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insertion |
d.
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substitution |
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12.
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Which of the following statements is NOT true?
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a.
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Mutations do not occur in hox genes. |
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b.
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Hox genes that are found in different animals are very different from each other. |
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c.
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Hox genes control the normal development of an animal. |
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d.
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Hox genes occur in clusters. |
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13.
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Avery’s experiments showed that bacteria are transformed by
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a.
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RNA. |
c.
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proteins. |
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b.
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DNA. |
d.
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carbohydrates. |
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14.
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Figure 12-5 shows the structure of a(an)
Figure 12–5
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a.
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DNA molecule. |
c.
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RNA molecule. |
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b.
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amino acid. |
d.
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protein. |
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15.
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DNA is copied during a process called
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a.
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replication. |
c.
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transcription. |
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b.
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translation. |
d.
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transformation. |
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16.
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In eukaryotes, DNA
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a.
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is located in the nucleus. |
c.
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is located in the ribosomes. |
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b.
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floats freely in the cytoplasm. |
d.
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is circular. |
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17.
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RNA contains the sugar
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a.
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ribose. |
c.
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glucose. |
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b.
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deoxyribose. |
d.
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lactose. |
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18.
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Which RNA molecule carries amino acids?
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a.
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messenger RNA |
c.
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ribosomal RNA |
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b.
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transfer RNA |
d.
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RNA polymerase |
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19.
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What is produced during transcription?
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a.
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RNA molecules |
c.
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RNA polymerase |
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b.
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DNA molecules |
d.
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proteins |
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20.
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What does Figure 12-6 show?
Figure 12-6
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a.
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anticodons |
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b.
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the order in which amino acids are linked |
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c.
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the code for splicing mRNA |
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d.
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the genetic code |
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21.
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What happens during the process of translation?
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a.
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Messenger RNA is made from DNA. |
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b.
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The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins. |
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c.
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Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA. |
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d.
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Copies of DNA molecules are made. |
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22.
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Genes contain instructions for assembling
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a.
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purines. |
c.
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proteins. |
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b.
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nucleosomes. |
d.
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pyrimidines. |
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23.
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A mutation that involves a single nucleotide is called a(an)
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a.
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chromosomal mutation. |
c.
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point mutation. |
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b.
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inversion. |
d.
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translocation. |
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Completion
Complete each statement.
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24.
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The structure labeled X in Figure 12-1 is a(an) ____________________.
Figure 12–1
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25.
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The order of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the order of ____________________ in proteins.
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26.
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There is no ____________________ that is specified by a stop codon on an mRNA molecule.
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27.
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The lac repressor releases the operator in the presence of ____________________.
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28.
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In eukaryotes, proteins that attract RNA polymerase bind to ____________________ sequences in DNA.
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29.
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According to the principle of ____________________, hydrogen bonds can form only between adenine and thymine, and between guanine and cytosine.
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30.
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Chromatin contains proteins called ____________________.
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31.
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In Figure 12-7, A, B, and C are three types of ____________________.
Figure 12–7
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32.
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After introns are cut out of an RNA molecule, the remaining ____________________ are spliced back together to form the final messenger RNA.
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33.
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A mutation in a series of genes, called the ____________________, can change the organs that develop in specific parts of an embryo.
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Short Answer
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34.
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At the beginning of DNA replication, what two processes “unzip” the two strands of a DNA molecule?
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35.
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In Figure 12-2, which molecule is tRNA, and what is its function?
Figure 12–2
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36.
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According to Figure 12-3, what codons specify the amino acid arginine?
Figure 12–3
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37.
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What happens to lac repressors in E. coli when lactose is present?
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38.
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What are the three main parts of an RNA nucleotide?
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39.
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What must happen to a DNA molecule before RNA polymerase can make RNA?
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40.
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What causes translation to stop?
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41.
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What is a mutation?
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Essay
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42.
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Describe the structure of a DNA molecule.
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43.
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Contrast the functions of the three main types of RNA.
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Other
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USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure 12–4
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44.
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Interpreting Graphics What process is illustrated in Figure 12-4?
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45.
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Interpreting Graphics Identify structure C in Figure 12-4.
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46.
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Interpreting Graphics Which labeled structure in Figure 12-4 is a codon?
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47.
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Inferring What is the relationship between the codons and anticodons in Figure 12-4? How is this relationship important?
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48.
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Predicting In Figure 12-4, what will happen after the ribosome joins the methionine and phenylalanine?
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USING SCIENCE SKILLS
Figure 12–8
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49.
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Classifying What general type of mutation results from processes A, B, C, and D in Figure 12-8?
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50.
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Interpreting Graphics In Figure 12-8, which process or processes involve two chromosomes?
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51.
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Comparing and Contrasting Contrast process A and process B in Figure 12-8.
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52.
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Interpreting Graphics During which process in Figure 12-8 does a segment of a chromosome become oriented in the reverse direction?
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53.
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Interpreting Graphics In Figure 12-8, which process produces two chromosomes with translocations?
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