Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the
statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The three particles that make up atoms are
a. | protons, neutrons, and isotopes. | c. | positives, negatives, and electrons. | b. | neutrons, isotopes, and electrons. | d. | protons, neutrons, and
electrons. |
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2.
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The space surrounding the nucleus of an atom
contains
a. | protons. | c. | neutrons. | b. | electrons. | d. | ions. |
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3.
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Democritus believed that atoms
a. | were composed of electrons. | c. | could be
divided. | b. | were composed of protons. | d. | could not be
divided. |
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4.
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If an atom contains 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3
electrons, its mass number would be
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5.
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If a chlorine atom had 17 protons and 18 neutrons, it would
be called
a. | chlorine-17. | c. | chlorine-35. | b. | chlorine-18. | d. | chlorine-1. |
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6.
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Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number
of protons and
a. | a different number of electrons. | c. | a different number of neutrons. | b. | a different number of
molecules. | d. | the same number of neutrons. |
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7.
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Which of the following is a use of radioactive
isotopes?
a. | can determine the ages of rocks and
fossils | b. | can be used to treat cancer and kill bacteria that cause food to
spoil | c. | can be used as “tracers” to follow the movements of
substances within organisms | d. | all of the
above |
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8.
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If an atom contains 11 protons and 12 neutrons, its atomic
number is
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9.
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Which of the following terms describes a substance formed by
the combination of two or more elements in definite proportions?
a. | compound | c. | nucleus | b. | isotope | d. | enzyme |
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10.
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Which of the following makes up a molecule of
water?
a. | one atom of hydrogen and one atom of
oxygen | b. | one atom of sodium and one atom of
chlorine | c. | one atom of hydrogen and two atoms of
oxygen | d. | two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of
oxygen |
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11.
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Which of the following is NOT true about
chlorine?
a. | It is a poisonous, greenish gas. | b. | It combines with sodium to form table salt. | c. | It was used to kill many soldiers in World War I. | d. | It is not reactive. |
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12.
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Which of the following statements about a compound is
true?
a. | The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually
very different from those of the elements from which it is formed. | b. | Only the physical properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the
elements from which it is formed. | c. | Only the chemical
properties of a compound are usually the same as those of the elements from which it is
formed. | d. | The physical and chemical properties of a compound are usually
the same as those of the elements from which it is formed. |
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13.
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A covalent bond is formed as the result of
a. | transferring electrons. | c. | transferring
protons. | b. | sharing an electron pair. | d. | sharing a proton
pair. |
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14.
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Which term does NOT apply to sodium chloride?
a. | molecule | c. | compound | b. | ionic
bonding | d. | crystal |
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15.
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What type of electron is available to form
bonds?
a. | valence | c. | ionic | b. | nucleus | d. | covalent |
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16.
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What type of ion forms when an atom loses
electrons?
a. | neutral | c. | negative | b. | positive | d. | possibly positive or
negative |
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17.
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Ice floats on water because
a. | of cohesion. | c. | water shrinks
when it freezes. | b. | ice has a higher density
than water. | d. | water expands when it freezes. |
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18.
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The most abundant compound in most living things
is
a. | carbon dioxide. | c. | sodium
chloride. | b. | water. | d. | sugar. |
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19.
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Water molecules are polar, with the
a. | oxygen side being slightly positive and the hydrogen side being
slightly negative. | b. | oxygen and hydrogen sides
being slightly positive. | c. | oxygen and hydrogen sides
being slightly negative. | d. | oxygen side being slightly
negative and the hydrogen side being slightly positive. |
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20.
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In a water molecule, shared electrons spend more time around
the oxygen atom than the hydrogen atoms. As a result, the oxygen atom is
a. | slightly negative. | c. | slightly
positive. | b. | very negative. | d. | very
positive. |
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21.
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A solution is a(an)
a. | combination of isotopes. | b. | chemical reaction. | c. | evenly distributed mixture
of two or more substances. | d. | combination of two or more
liquids. |
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22.
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If you stir salt into boiling water, you produce
a
a. | mixture called a suspension. | c. | solution and suspension. | b. | mixture called a
solution. | d. | mixture only. |
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23.
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When salt is dissolved in water, water is the
a. | reactant. | c. | solute. | b. | solution. | d. | solvent. |
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24.
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While preparing a cell culture, a scientist places a colony
of bacteria into distilled water and stirs it up. This mixture of water and living cells would
best be called a(an)
a. | solution. | b. | suspension. | c. | buffer. | d. | adhesion.
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25.
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If the pH of stomach acid and of oven cleaner were
measured,
a. | both would be below 7. | b. | both would be above 7. | c. | the pH of stomach acid
would be above 7, but the pH of oven cleaner would be below 7. | d. | the pH of stomach acid would be below 7, but the pH of oven cleaner would be above
7. |
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26.
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A map of eastern North America, showing the pH of rainfall
in the various states, indicates that the pH of rain in New York State varies from 4.22 to 4.40.
According to these figures, the most acidic rainfall in New York State has a pH of
a. | 4.22. | c. | 4.35. | b. | 4.30. | d. | 4.40. |
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27.
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A substance with a pH of 6 is called
a. | an acid. | c. | both an acid
and a base. | b. | a
base. | d. | neither an acid nor a base. |
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28.
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Solutions that contain concentrations of H+ ions
lower than pure water
a. | have pH values below 7. | c. | are
bases. | b. | are acids. | d. | are
enzymes. |
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29.
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Amino acid is to protein as
a. | fat is to lipid. | c. | sugar is to
fat. | b. | DNA is to RNA. | d. | simple sugar is to
starch. |
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30.
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A monosaccharide is a
a. | carbohydrate. | c. | nucleic
acid. | b. | lipid. | d. | protein. |
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31.
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Which of the following is NOT a monomer?
a. | a glucose molecule | c. | a
nucleotide | b. | an amino
acid | d. | a protein |
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32.
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Which of the following is NOT a function of
proteins?
a. | store and transmit genetic information | b. | help to fight disease | c. | control the rate of
reactions and regulate cell processes | d. | build tissues such as bone
and muscle |
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33.
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Which statement is true?
a. | Simple sugars are made of
polysaccharides. | b. | Glycerol is made of fatty
acids. | c. | RNA molecules are made of nucleotides. | d. | Amino acids are made of proteins. |
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34.
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In chemical reactions, atoms are
a. | created. | c. | rearranged. | b. | destroyed. | d. | neutralized. |
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35.
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When hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water, water
is
a. | a product. | c. | both a product
and a reactant. | b. | a
reactant. | d. | neither a product nor a reactant. |
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36.
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Identify the reactant(s) in the chemical reaction,
CO2 + H2O ®
H2CO3.
a. | CO2, H2O, and
H2CO3 | c. | H2CO3 | b. | CO2 and
H2O | d. | CO2 |
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37.
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What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into
another set of chemicals?
a. | cohesion | c. | chemical
reaction | b. | adhesion | d. | dissolving |
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38.
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What is the term used to describe the energy needed to get a
reaction started?
a. | adhesion energy | c. | cohesion
energy | b. | activation energy | d. | chemical
energy |
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39.
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Chemical reactions that release energy
a. | will not occur. | c. | will always
explode. | b. | will never explode. | d. | often occur
spontaneously. |
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40.
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If a reaction in one direction releases energy, the reaction
in the opposite direction
a. | also releases energy. | c. | destroys
energy. | b. | absorbs energy. | d. | cannot
occur. |
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41.
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Which of the following is a form of energy that may be
released during a chemical reaction?
a. | heat | c. | light | b. | sound | d. | all of the above |
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42.
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Which of the following statements about enzymes is NOT
true?
a. | Enzymes work best at a specified pH. | b. | All enzymes have the same shape as their substrates. | c. | Enzymes are proteins. | d. | The shape of an enzyme
allows it to do its job. |
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43.
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Which of the following statements is true about
catalysts?
a. | Catalysts slow down the rate of chemical
reactions. | b. | All catalysts are
enzymes. | c. | Catalysts are used up during a chemical
reaction. | d. | Catalysts lower the activation energy of a chemical
reaction. |
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44.
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A substance that accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction
is called a(an)
a. | catalyst. | c. | molecule. | b. | lipid. | d. | element. |
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45.
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Enzymes affect the reactions in living cells by changing
the
a. | products of the reaction. | c. | temperature of
the reaction. | b. | speed of the
reaction. | d. | pH of the reaction. |
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Short Answer
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46.
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Why are atoms considered neutral?
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47.
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What is a molecule?
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Other
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USING SCIENCE SKILLS
pH Values of Some Common
Substances | | Substance | pH | | Hydrochloric acid |
1.0 | | Sulfuric acid |
1.2 | | Tomatoes |
4.2 | | Rainwater |
6.2 | | Pure water |
7.0 | | Sea water |
8.5 | | Ammonium chloride | 11.1 | | Sodium hydroxide | 13.0 | | |
Figure
2–2
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48.
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Applying Concepts What is the strongest acid listed
in Figure 2–2?
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49.
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Applying Concepts What is the pH of the strongest
base listed in Figure 2–2?
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50.
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Applying Concepts Using your knowledge of the pH
scale, which of the chemicals in Figure 2-2 has the lowest concentration of H+
ions?
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