Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make
the statement true.
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1.
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It has been discovered that the genetic material is protein.
_________________________
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2.
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Hershey and Chase were the first two scientists to prove that genetic material
is composed of proteins. _________________________
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3.
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The five-carbon sugar in DNA nucleotides is called ribose.
_________________________
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4.
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After years of research, the structure of the DNA molecule is now known to be a
double helix. _________________________
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5.
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Franklin’s X-ray diffraction images suggested that the DNA molecule
resembled a tightly coiled spring, a shape called a helix. _________________________
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6.
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In all living things, DNA replication must occur after cell division.
_________________________
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7.
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Before a DNA molecule can replicate itself, it must coil up.
_________________________
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8.
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Helicases unwind the double helix of DNA by breaking the nitrogen bonds
that link the base pairs. _________________________
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9.
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Errors in nucleotide sequence that occur during replication cannot be
corrected. _________________________
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10.
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RNA molecules contain the five-carbon sugar ribose.
_________________________
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11.
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During transcription, the information on a DNA molecule is
“rewritten” into an mRNA molecule. _________________________
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12.
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When a tRNA anticodon binds to an mRNA codon, the amino acid detaches
from the tRNA molecule and bonds to the end of a growing protein chain.
_________________________
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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13.
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Griffith’s transformation experiments
a. | changed proteins into DNA. | b. | caused harmless bacteria to become
deadly. | c. | resulted in DNA molecules becoming proteins. | d. | were designed to
show the effect of heat on bacteria. |
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14.
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Griffith’s experiments showed that
a. | dead bacteria could be brought back to life. | b. | harmful bacteria
were hardier than harmless bacteria. | c. | heat caused the harmful and harmless varieties
of bacteria to fuse. | d. | genetic material could be transferred between
dead bacteria and living bacteria. |
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15.
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Avery’s experiments showed that transformation
a. | is prevented by protein-destroying enzymes. | b. | is prevented by
DNA-destroying enzymes. | c. | causes protein to become
DNA. | d. | is caused by a protein. |
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16.
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Avery and his research team concluded that
a. | RNA was the genetic material. | b. | protein bases were the genetic
material. | c. | DNA and RNA were found in the human nucleus. | d. | DNA was responsible
for transformation. |
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17.
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Using radioactive tracers to determine the interactions of bacteriophages and
their host bacteria, Hershey and Chase demonstrated without question that
a. | genes are composed of protein molecules. | b. | DNA and proteins are
actually the same molecules located in different parts of cells. | c. | bacteria inject
their DNA into the cytoplasm of bacteriophages. | d. | DNA is the molecule that stores genetic
information in cells. |
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18.
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All of the following are true of the viruses Hershey and Chase used in their
study except
a. | they consisted of DNA surrounded by a protein coat. | b. | they injected their
DNA into cells. | c. | they destroyed the DNA of the infected bacteria. | d. | they caused infected
bacteria to make many new viruses. |
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19.
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The scientist who worked with Martha Chase to prove that genetic material is
composed of DNA was
a. | Alfred Hershey. | c. | Francis Crick. | b. | Oswald Avery. | d. | Rosalind
Franklin. |
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20.
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Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of
a. | amino acids. | c. | monosaccharides. | b. | fatty acids. | d. | nucleotides. |
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21.
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Which of the following is not part of a molecule of DNA?
a. | deoxyribose | c. | phosphate | b. | nitrogen base | d. | ribose |
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22.
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A nucleotide consists of
a. | a sugar, a protein, and adenine. | b. | a sugar, an amino acid, and
starch. | c. | a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. | d. | a starch, a
phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. |
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23.
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The part of the molecule for which DNA is named is the
a. | phosphate group. | c. | nitrogen base. | b. | sugar. | d. | hydrogen bonds. |
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24.
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Purines and pyrimidines are
a. | nitrogen bases found in amino acids. | b. | able to replace phosphate groups from defective
DNA. | c. | names of specific types of DNA molecules. | d. | classification
groups of nitrogen bases. |
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25.
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Of the four nitrogen bases in DNA, which two are purines and which two are
pyrimidines?
a. | purines: adenine, thymine; pyrimidines: uracil, cytosine | b. | purines: adenine,
thymine; pyrimidines: guanine, cytosine | c. | purines: adenine, guanine; pyrimidines:
thymine, cytosine | d. | purines: uracil, thymine; pyrimidines: guanine,
cytosine |
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26.
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The amount of guanine in an organism always equals the amount of
a. | protein. | c. | adenine. | b. | thymine. | d. | cytosine. |
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27.
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adenine : thymine ::
a. | protein : DNA | c. | guanine : cytosine | b. | Watson : Crick | d. | guanine :
thymine |
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28.
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Watson and Crick built models that demonstrated that
a. | DNA and RNA have the same structure. | b. | DNA is made of two strands that twist into a
double helix. | c. | guanine forms hydrogen bonds with adenine. | d. | thymine forms
hydrogen bonds with cytosine. |
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29.
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The scientists credited with establishing the structure of DNA are
a. | Avery and Chargaff. | c. | Mendel and Griffith. | b. | Hershey and Chase. | d. | Watson and
Crick. |
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30.
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X-ray diffraction photographs by Wilkins and Franklin suggested that
a. | DNA and RNA are the same molecules. | b. | DNA is composed of either purines or
pyrimidines, but not both. | c. | DNA molecules are arranged as a tightly coiled
helix. | d. | DNA and proteins have the same basic structure. |
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31.
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During DNA replication, a complementary strand of DNA is made from each original
DNA strand. Thus, if a portion of the original strand is CCTAGCT, then the new strand will be
a. | TTGCATG. | c. | CCTAGCT. | b. | AAGTATC. | d. | GGATCGA. |
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32.
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Which of the following is not true about DNA replication?
a. | It must occur before a cell can divide. | b. | Two complementary
strands are duplicated. | c. | The double strand unwinds and unzips while it
is being duplicated. | d. | The new DNA molecule has two newly-made
strands. |
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33.
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The attachment of nucleotides to form a complementary strand of DNA during
replication
a. | is accomplished by DNA polymerase. | b. | is accomplished only in the presence of
tRNA. | c. | prevents separation of complementary strands of RNA. | d. | is the
responsibility of the proofreading enzymes. |
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34.
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The enzymes responsible for adding nucleotides to the exposed DNA bases during
replication are
a. | replicases. | c. | helicases. | b. | DNA polymerases. | d. | template
enzymes. |
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35.
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The enzymes that unwind DNA during replication are called
a. | double helixes. | c. | forks. | b. | DNA helicases. | d. | phages. |
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36.
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All of the following are true about DNA replication in prokaryotic cells
except
a. | replication begins at many sites along the DNA. | b. | replication begins
at one site along the DNA loop. | c. | replication occurs in two opposite
directions. | d. | there are two replication forks. |
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37.
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Transcription, which is a stage of gene expression, is the process by which
genetic information encoded in DNA is transferred to a(n)
a. | RNA molecule. | c. | uracil molecule. | b. | DNA molecule. | d. | tRNA molecule. |
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38.
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RNA differs from DNA in that RNA
a. | is double-stranded. | c. | contains the nitrogen base uracil. | b. | contains
deoxyribose. | d. | does not
contain adenine. |
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39.
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RNA is chemically similar to DNA except that the sugar in RNA has an additional
a. | oxygen atom. | c. | nitrogen base. | b. | phosphate group. | d. | carbon atom. |
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40.
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In RNA molecules, adenine is complementary to
a. | cytosine. | c. | thymine. | b. | guanine. | d. | uracil. |
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41.
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Each of the following is a type of RNA except
a. | carrier RNA. | c. | ribosomal RNA. | b. | messenger RNA. | d. | transfer RNA. |
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42.
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During transcription,
a. | proteins are synthesized. | c. | RNA is
produced. | b. | DNA is replicated. | d. | translation occurs. |
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43.
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During transcription, the genetic information for making a protein is
“rewritten” as a molecule of
a. | messenger RNA. | c. | transfer RNA. | b. | ribosomal RNA. | d. | translation
RNA. |
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44.
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Transcription begins when RNA polymerase
a. | attaches to a ribosome. | b. | unwinds a strand of DNA. | c. | binds to a strand of
RNA. | d. | attaches to the promoter sequence of a gene. |
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mRNA: CUCAAGUGCUUC
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45.
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Refer to the illustration above. What is the portion of the protein molecule
coded for by a piece of mRNA with the sequence CUCAAGUGCUUC?
a. | Ser—Tyr—Arg—Gly | c. | Leu—Lys—Cys—Phe | b. | Val—Asp—Pro—His | d. | Pro—Glu—Leu—Val |
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46.
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Refer to the illustration above. The anticodons for the codons in the mRNA with
the sequence CUCAAGUGCUUC are
a. | GAG—UUC—ACG—AAG. | c. | CUC—GAA—CGU—CUU. | b. | GAG—TTC—ACG—AAG. | |
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