Little Rock School District
Sophomore
Biology
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Month/SLEs |
Content/Skills |
Essential Questions |
Assessments |
Lab Activities |
Strategies/Resources |
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August
Student Learning Expectations: Nature of Science Standard 10: Students shall demonstrate an
understanding that science is a way of knowing. Explain why science is limited to natural
explanations of how the world works NS.10. B.1 Explain why science is limited to natural explanations of how the world works NS.10. B.2 Compare and contrast hypotheses, theories, and laws NS.10. B.3 Distinguish between a scientific theory and the term “theory” used in general conversation NS.10. B.4 Summarize the guidelines of science: A. Explanations are based on observations, evidence, and testing B. Hypotheses must be testable C. Understandings and/or conclusions may change with additional empirical data D. Scientific knowledge must have peer review and verification before acceptance Standard 11: Students shall design and safely conduct scientific inquiry NS.11. B.1 Develop and explain the appropriate procedure, controls, and variables (dependent and independent) in scientific experimentation NS.11. B.2 Research and apply appropriate safety precautions (refer to ADE Guidelines) when designing and/or conducting scientific investigations NS.11. B.3 Identify sources of bias that could affect experimental outcome NS.11. B.4 Gather and analyze data using appropriate summary statistics NS.11. B.5 Formulate valid conclusions without bias NS.11. B.6 Communicate experimental results using appropriate reports, figures, and tables Standard 12: Students shall demonstrate an
understanding of current life science theories. NS.12.B.1 Recognize that theories are scientific explanations that require empirical data, verification, and peer review NS.12.B.2 Understand that scientific theories may be modified or expanded based on additional empirical data, verification, and peer review Standard 13: Students shall use mathematics,
science equipment, and technology as tools to communicate and solve
life science problems NS.13.B.1. Collect and analyze scientific data using appropriate mathematical calculations, figures, and tables NS.13.B.2 Use appropriate equipment and technology as tools for solving problems (e.g., microscopes, centrifuges, flexible arm cameras, computer software and hardware) NS.13.B.3 Utilize technology to communicate research findings Standard 14: Students shall describe the
connections between pure and applied science. NS.14.B.1 Compare and contrast biological concepts in pure science and applied science NS.14.B.2 Discuss why scientists should work within ethical parameters Standard 15: Students shall describe various life
science careers and the training required for the selected career NS.15.B.1 Research and evaluate science careers using the following criteria:
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The major content themes of biology Ø Matter and Energy Ø Cells Ø Interdependence Ø Reproduction and Inheritance Ø Evolution Ø Homeostasis and Stability What science is and is not Ø Deals only with natural world Ø Explanations can be tested Ø Explanations are used to make predictions Ø Is revised to account for new evidence Ø Also refers to a body of knowledge that has accumulated after repeated attempts to verify/refute Process of science Ø Starts with observation Ø Form inferences Ø Develop hypotheses Ø Test hypotheses Ø Form Theories Hypotheses vs. theories vs. laws Ø What if statements Ø Researched, hypothesized and tested Ø Statements of occurrences in natural world Ø Peer collaboration Ø Peer verification
Designing an Experiment Ø Stating the problem Ø Forming hypotheses Ø Setting up controlled experiment Ø Recording and analyzing results Ø Drawing conclusions Ø *Science Fair Proposals Graphing Ø
How raw data must be
organized to reveal patterns Ø
How to take data and
create charts Ø
Using charts to
create graphs Ø
Interpret results by
what is seen and not what it is thought to be Analyzing
data includes Ø
Understanding slope
and rates of change Ø
Extrapolating
information from graphs Ø
Recognizing patterns
in data plots Ø
The role of
dependent and independent variables
A theory is more than a guess Ø
It involves research Ø
Tested hypothesis Ø
Peer review Ø
Must be repeatable Ø
May combine several
ideas Ø
Ex. Plate Tectonic
Theory and how it developed The tools of
science are Ø
Mathematics Ø
The metric system Ø
Various lab
equipment Ø
Data collecting
equipment Ø
Rulers Ø
Calculators Ø
Computers
The role of
science in society Ø
Science leads to
changes in technology Ø
the goal of science
is to improve human condition Ø
Life has value and
should be respected even during research Ø
Pure science is
research that leads to the research being applied or used for the good of
humankind
Careers in
science Ø
What are some of the
various life science careers? Ø
What kind of
training does it take to be a life scientist? Ø
What are the working
conditions and compensation for being a life scientist? |
How can you use the same skills and strategies as a scientist to learn
about your world? Guiding Questions 1.
What is the importance of the major themes of
biology? 2.
What is the role of experimental design in
biology? 3.
What systematic procedures are necessary to
investigate biological problems? 4.
What are important tools used in the study of
biology? 5.
What are useful data types and how are they
analyzed? 6.
What important mathematical manipulations should
be performed on qualitative data? 7.
Why is the scientific method a logical process for
observing the natural world 8.
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a
theory? 9.
Why it is important to acknowledge that science is
a human endeavor, not separate from society but a part of society? 10.
In
what ways do scientists make accommodations for differences in racial,
social, and ethnic backgrounds among scientists? Essential Question What are some of the various roles that science plays in society, especially in the workforce? |
Anchor
Assessments: Scientific Method Lab (Vitruvian Man) Lab Report Anchor Assessment Careers
in Life Science Term Paper and Presentation |
Liquid Volume Lab OR Volume Lab Mystery Canisters OR Length Lab Scientific Method: Vitruvian Man |
Resources Literacy Items
( found in LRSD Biology Literacy Notebook) “Owls use dung to “Fish” for Beetles” “Distinguishing Science and Pseudoscience” “Scientific Laws, Hypotheses, and Theories” “Wrong! Wrong! Wrong!” “Designing an Experiment” “The effects of steroids on athletes” “Experimental Design/Presentation Rubric” “ Experimental Design Reference” “Natural plant defenses-fight or flight?” “Suicide grasshoppers” “Brainwashed by Parasite Worms” “Toads that Go Pop in the night” “Weapons of Mouse Destruction?” “A Weed, a Fly, a Mouse and a Chain of Unintended Consequences” “Future Tech, Spare Parts” “Device Uses Sewage Bacteria to Produce Electricity” “Locus Inspire Technology That May Prevent Car Crashes” “Scientists sticking it to nature by replicating tiny gecko feet” |
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September Ecological and Biological Relationships Standard 8: Students shall demonstrate an
understanding of ecological and behavioral relationships among organisms.
EBR.8. B.1
Compare and
contrast the characteristics of biomes. Diagram the
carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, and water cycles in an ecosystem. Analyze an ecosystem’s
energy flow through food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids. Identify and
predict the factors that control population, including predation,
competition, crowding, water, nutrients, and shelter. Summarize the
symbiotic ways in which individuals within a community interact
with each other: commensalisms, parasitism and
mutualism EBR.8. B.7 Compare and
contrast primary succession with secondary succession. Identify the
properties of each of the five levels of ecology: organism, population
,community ,ecosystem and biosphere MC 2.B.6 Compare and contrast the functions of autotrophs and heterotrophs Standard
9: Students shall demonstrate an understanding of ecological impact of
global issues. EBR.9. B.1 Analyze the
effects of human population growth and technology on the Environment/biosphere. EBR.9. B.2 Evaluate long
range plans concerning resource use and by-product disposal in terms of
their environmental, economic, and political impact. EBR.9. B.3 Assess
current world issues applying scientific themes (e.g., global changes in
climate, epidemics, pandemics,
ozone depletion, UV radiation, natural resources, use of technology,
and public policy). Molecules and Cells Standard 1: Students shall demonstrate an
understanding of the role of chemistry in life processes. MC.1.B.1 Describe the structure and function of the major organic molecules found in living systems: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids MC.1.B.2 Investigate the properties and importance of water and its significance for life: · surface tension ·
adhesion ·
cohesion ·
polarity ·
pH MC. 1.B.3 Describe the relationship between an enzyme and its substrate molecule(s) MC. 1.B.4 Explain the role of energy in chemical reactions of living systems:
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Ecology Levels of Organization Ø biosphere àBiomeà ecosystem à community à population à species à organism Energy flow Ø Autotroph vs. Heterotroph Ø Producers: photosynthesis and chemosynthesis Ø Consumers: herbivore, carnivore, detritivore, omnivore, decomposer Ø Feeding relationships: food chain vs. food web Ø Energy conversion and transfer by trophic levels Biosphere recycling Ø Water cycle Ø Nutrient cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorous Ecosystem productivity and biomass Factors shaping ecosystems: Ø Climate zones and Greenhouse phenomenon Ø Biotic and Abiotic factors Ø Niche concept Ø Community interactions: competition, predation, symbiotic interactions (commensalisms, mutualism, parasitism) Succession Ø Primary succession and pioneer species Ø Secondary succession Biomes Ø Identify defining characteristics of each Ø Terrestrial biomes: tropical rain and dry forests, savanna, desert, grassland, temperate woodland and shrubland, temperate forests, coniferous forests, boreal (taiga) forests, tundra Ø Aquatic ecosystems: Ø Freshwater – flowing, standing, Ø Wetland Ø Estuary Ø Marine – photic vs. aphotic Ø Zones, intertidal, coastal, coral Ø Reef, open ocean, benthic zone Population growth Ø Factors affecting and limiting growth Ø Density-dependent and density independent factors Ø Carrying capacity vs. exponential growth Ø Describe human population growth, analyze age structures, describe how humans growth has affected other species Human impact on the environment: Ø Biodiversity threat Ø 6th mass extinction Ø pollution, acid rain, ozone depletion, and greenhouse affect Ø global warming Ø exotic (introduced) species Ø conservation efforts and how individuals can affect change Review basic chemistry concepts: Ø atomic structure Ø bonding Ø covalent, ionic, hydrogen Ø elements and isotopes Carbon Ø chemistry of carbon Ø macromolecules of life – identify and describe structure (monomers) and examples of polymers Ø lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, Ø nucleic acids Chemistry of water: Ø polarity Ø hydrogen bonding Ø water properties Ø solutions and suspensions Ø pH – acids and bases and buffers Enzymes Ø reactions and activation energy Ø enzymes as catalysts Ø 3-D structure of enzymes Ø examples of enzymes Ø how enzymes work Ø regulation of enzymes |
How are all living things connected to one another and to the universe? 1.
How are the biotic factors of an ecosystem
different from the abiotic factors? 2.
What are the biotic and abiotic factors present in
a temperate deciduous forest? 3.
What is the general climate in each of the 7 major
biomes? 4.
What role does the climate play in determining the
types of organisms that can live in specific biomes? 5.
How does carbon enter the living part of the
carbon cycle? 6.
How does carbon re-enter the environment from
living things? 7.
How does nitrogen cycle from the environment into
living things? 8.
How does water enter and exit the biotic part of
the water cycle? 9.
How does energy cycle through an ecosystem? 10.
What
are some specific factors that limit growth of animal populations? 11.
What
are three types of symbiotic relationships between organisms?
Give an example of each type or relationship. 12.
How
does primary succession differ from secondary succession? 13.
How
do humans impact the carbon cycle and what are the global consequences? 14.
What
factors should be taken into consideration when deciding the location for
a new landfill? 15.
What
human activities have impacted the ozone layer? 16. Why is sustainable use of natural resources important?
Biochemistry How do molecules sustain living things? 1. What are the major groups of organic compounds and how do they function in living things? 2. What is an enzyme and how does it function in cells? 3. Why is water essential to life? 4. What are the distinguishing chemical and physical properties of water? |
Anchor Assessment: And Models from Carbohydrate Modeling Lab OR
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