Invertebrate Lecture Worksheet
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1. Approximately what percentage of animals are invertebrates?

 2. What are invertebrates?

 

3. Name the phyla of invertebrates and members of each phyla.

 

  

Sponges

 4. __________ are in the phylum Porifera.  There are about _____ different species & most of  these are _________ organisms found in oceans & seas.  A few sponges are found in  __________, but these are small and not brightly colored.

 5. Sponges are _____________ that trap __________ from water as it flows through them.

 6. Sponges have no basic body arrangement and are said to be ________________.

 7. Sponges live attached to one spot as adults so they are __________.

 8. The skeleton of sponges is made of a flexible protein called ___________ and hard fibers  called __________ which are composed of calcium carbonate or silicon dioxide. 

9. Sponges are full of holes called __________ through which water flows into their __________  bodies. 

10. Sponges are the simplest animals and lack the __________ level of specialization like all other animals. Sponges do have some specialized _________ in their bodies.

11. Special cells called choanocytes line the pores and have __________ that spin to pull in water.

 12. __________cells at the base of choanocytes capture plankton from the water & start digesting it.

 13. _______________ are special cells that carry this food to all other parts of the sponge.

 14. Wastes and excess water leave a sponge through a large opening at the top called the   __________.

15. Sponges reproduce asexually by internal or external __________ and by _______________ whenever a piece of a sponge breaks off.  This last method helps sponges form   _____________.

16. Sponges reproduce sexually also and are _______________ producing both eggs and sperm.  Sponges __________ sperm with each other and do not fertilize their own eggs.

 17. Internal buds or ____________ form if the freshwater supply evaporates and are release  when the sponge __________ and become ___________ when freshwater returns.

 Cnidarians

 17. The phylum Cnidaria includes what organisms?

 

 18. All cnidarians are _______________ organisms except for the __________ which is found in freshwater.

19. Cnidarians all have _______________ symmetry and _____________ or arms that have stinging cells called _______________.  These stinging cells shoot out like a   _______________ and contain a __________ that can kill or paralyze their prey.

 20. Cnidarians have _____ body layers; an inner _______________ and an outer ____________.

 21. Cnidarians have _______ opening into their hollow bodies called the __________ so food enters and wastes leave through this same opening.  This is called a ________________ digestive system.

22. The hollow cavity the mouth opens into is called the ____________________ cavity.

23. Cnidarians have 2 body forms. ___________ forms have the mouth & tentacles located at the  top like Hydra, corals, and sea anemones. _____________forms like the jellyfish have their  tentacles and mouth located at the bottom.

 24. Some cnidarians like the _______________ go through both polyp and medusa forms in their life cycle. 

25. Cnidarians have a simple nerve _________ and can reproduce both _____________ and  _____________.

 26. Corals build _____________ cases that make underwater ___________.

Flatworms

 27. Flatworms are in the phylum _______________ and are flattened ______________ with  __________ symmetry.

28. Flatworms are said to be _________________ because of their solid body.

29. ___________and ____________ are parasitic flatworms having only _______ body opening called the _____________.

 30. Specialized _____________ cells remove wastes.

 31. The ______________ is the most common free living flatworm.  It is found in __________ or _____________ places.

32. Planarians produce both eggs and sperm and are said to be ________________; however, they _____________ sperm with other planarians.  Planarians also reproduce asexually by  _________________.

33. Flukes and tapeworms usually live in their host's ______________ tract resistant to digestive  _______________ allowing the __________ to digest their food.

34. Tapeworms are divided into sections called _________________ with complete  _________________ structures.  The head is called the _______________ and has both  _________________ and ______________ to attach to the host.   

35. Tapeworms are ___________________ and ______________ their own eggs which pass out of the host's body in ripe ____________________ along with feces. 

36. Humans get tapeworms from eating _______________________, while children pick up tapeworm eggs from ________________ boxes.

 Nematodes

 37. _______________ are in the phylum Nematoda and are _________________ in shape and  ________________ at both ends.

38. Roundworms are ____________________ because their body cavity or       ________________is not fully lined. The body cavity is filled with fluid giving them a   ____________________ skeleton against which _______________can contract.

 39. Roundworms have a complete gut with both a ______________ and an _____________  giving them a ________________ digestive tract.

 40. Roundworms have no ____________ and no ___________ but can digest food.

 41. Most roundworms are _________________ with ________________ symmetry and no   _____________________.  They are found in _______________________.

 42. A protective __________________covers them and must be _____________.

 43. Roundworms reproduce _________________. 

44. The roundworm called Trichinella causes the disease _______________ and is picked up when someone eats ________________________.  This disease affects the ______________ and _______________.

 45. The roundworm Ascaris parasitizes human _____________________.   __________________  and _________________ are common parasites of humans, and the Filaria worm attacks the _________________ system causing great swelling.

 Rotifers

 46. Rotifers are ___________________ worms found in terrestrial & aquatic habitats.

47. Rotifers have a crown of ______________ surrounding their mouth for ________________ and ______________________.  Their bodies are covered with ________________.

 48. Rotifers have separate _____________, but some species reproduce by       _______________________. 

49. Describe parthenogenesis.

 

 Mollusks 

50. Name several organisms in the phylum Mollusca.

  

51.Mollusks have a durable shell made of ________________ and are found      ________________.

 52. List several economic importance's of this group.

 

 

 53. Name the 2 largest invertebrates.

 

54. Mollusks have ________________ symmetry and a ___________________ containing their body organs.  Mollusks also have a muscular ____________ for movement which can be modified into arms or _________________.

 55. Mollusks breathe through ________________ or________________ located below a protective layer called the _______________.  This layer can also form an external  _____________.

 56. The ______________ is a rough tongue for scraping food.

57. Mollusks have a ___________________ heart and an ______________________circulatory system.

58. Mollusks reproduce ___________________ and go through a free swimming larval stage called the _______________________.

 59. ____________________ mollusks have a muscular foot on their belly and include the shelled  _______________ and the unshelled ________________.

 60. ___________________ mollusks have a 2 part hinged shell that is opened and closed by  _________________ muscles.  They move by ___________________ or by extending their muscular _______________, and they respire through __________________.

61. Name some bivalve mollusks.

62. _____________________ are head-foot mollusks that have a _______________ and  ________________, arms or ___________________, and ____________________ to move by jet propulsion.

63. Name some cephalopod mollusks.

 

 64. What is the only shelled cephalopod?

 65. Cephalopods breathe through _______________ .

 66. Cephalopods are the most ________________________ mollusks.

 67. The _____________________ & ________________ can secrete an inky substance into the water to escape predators and have an __________________ shell.

 Annelids

 68. Annelids are ____________________ worms found in _________________.

 69. External segments correspond to internal segments called _______________.

 70. Give two ways that segmentation is an advantage for an organism.

 

 71. Annelids have a tube within a tube body plan called the ___________________ where the body _______________ are located. This tube runs from the _________________ to the _______________ and is fully _______________.

 72. Annelids show ______________________ by having bilateral symmetry with an anterior head where most sense organs are found.

 73. Coelomic fluid gives annelids a ______________________ skeleton.

 74. The best known member of this group is the ____________________ which moves by external bristles called _________________ on each body segment.  These bristles are made of _________________.  Earthworms respire through their ________________________ and have a ___________________ circulatory system and _____________ pairs of hearts or  aortic arches.

75. Describe how an earthworm feeds and tell how this helps the environment.

 

 76. What are castings and where can they be found?

 

77. ______________ are annelids with _____________ at both the anterior and posterior end.  Anterior suckers are used to __________________________ , while posterior suckers help to  ____________________________.

 78. Most leeches are _______________________ or ____________________, but blood sucking leeches are collected for ___________________________.

79. Both leeches and earthworms produce eggs and sperm and are called        _______________________; however, leeches lack ________________ and are flattened  _________________________.

 80. ___________________ are marine annelids whose setae are modified into paddle like ____________________ for movement and more area for _______________________.

81. Polychaetes live commensally with what other organisms?

 

 

Arthropods

82. Arthropod means _________________ appendages.

83. Give 5 characteristics of all arthropods.

 

 

 84. What is ecdysis and why is it necessary?

 

85. What is the exoskeleton of arthropods composed of?

 86. What is meant by an open circulatory system?

 

87. Arthropods are divided on the type of _____________________ they have.       ______________________ have chelicerae or fangs and no_________________,  _______________________ have pincers called ___________________, and      _______________________ have mandibles or jaws.

 88. ___________________ are extinct, marine arthropods with a_____________ and segmented _____________________ with a pair of legs on each section.

 89. ________________________ arthropods like insects, centipedes, & millipedes breathe through hollow air tubes called _____________________;  aquatic chelicerates like the ____________________ crab have ___________________ to breathe; spiders, ticks, and  scorpions use _____________________ to get air; and crustaceans breathe through  ______________________.

90. Terrestrial mandibulates are ____________________ with one-branched appendages; while aquatic crustaceans are _______________________ with two-branched appendages. 

91. Arthropods have a nervous system with an anterior ___________________ and sensory organs that include compound eyes or simple eyes called _______________;  ______________________ membranes for hearing; and ___________________ for smelling, feeling, or tasting.

92. ______________________ tubules filter wastes in arthropods.

 93. The subphylum Chelicerarta contains the class ______________________ with the horseshoe Crab and the class ____________________ with spiders, ticks, scorpions, & mites.  Both classes have ___________ body regions, the ___________________ and abdomen, no ___________________, ____________________ legs, and ___________________ or fangs.

 94. Appendages on the head of chelicerates called _____________________ are used for sensing the environment and getting food into the mouth.

 95. Spiders have posterior glands called ________________ that help make their silken webs to get prey.  Spiders detect movement whenever their prey gets caught in their  ________________ and by sensory ________________ on their body.  Spiders produce  _______________ to kill their prey & are beneficial because they feed mainly on  ____________________.

 96. Spiders are unlike insects in that they have _____________ not ___________ legs, only ___________________ eyes and not compound, and _________ body regions and not _____________.

97. Name the body regions of insects and spiders.

 

98. The ____________________ and ____________________ are two poisonous spiders in our  area.

 99. The class Crustacea is in the subphylum _______________________ and includes  _________________, ________________, ________________, _________________,  _________________, and the terrestrial __________________ & ___________________.

 100. Crustaceans have a pair of sensory __________________ and a pair of shorter ___________________ for balance.  The head also contains three types of mouthparts -  _____________________, _____________________, and _______________________.  They also have pincers called __________________ to help catch and eat food.

101. Aquatic crustaceans have an external shell or __________________ that must be molted, and they are used by man for ___________________.

 102. The class _____________________ contains predators called centipedes with  ________________, _________________ glands,  posterior_______________, &  ________________ pairs of legs per body segment.

103. The class ____________________ contains millipedes which are ____________________ with _______________ pairs of legs per body segment.

 104. The largest and most successful group of arthropods are the __________________.

 105. Insects have _______ body regions, _________ legs, a pair of sensory ________________, and a pair of ________________ for flight. ___________________ & ___________________ are wingless insects, while flies have their second pair of wings modified into balancing organs called ____________________.

 106. Insects have 4 mouthparts which include the jaw or ________________, the   _______________, the lower lip or _________________, and the upper lip or      __________________.

107. Insect mouthparts are modified according to their ___________________.  Butterflies have  ___________________ mouthparts, flies have _________________ mouthparts, mosquitoes have ________________ mouthparts, and grasshoppers have   ___________________ mouthparts.

108.  Wings and legs are both attached to the _________________ on insects, and some female insects have an egg laying tube or ____________________ on the end of their abdomen.

109. Name 2 ways insects communicate.

 

 110. Insects detect sound by _________________ membranes on the abdomen and sensory  _______________ that cover their body.

 111. _________________ along the abdomen of insects open into their breathing tubes or ___________________.

112. Insects with _________________ metamorphosis go through egg, larva, pupa, & adult stages; while those with incomplete metamorphosis go through ________________,  ___________________, and _________________ stages.

113. Give examples of insects with complete and incomplete metamorphosis.

  

114. __________________ control metamorphosis. 

Echinoderms

115. Give some examples of echinoderms.

 

 116. What does echinoderm mean?

 

117. Why are echinoderms considered to be the most advanced invertebrates? 

118. All invertebrates, except echinoderms, are considered to be________________ because their blastopore becomes their _________________.

 119. Echinoderms have an __________________ made of movable or fixed calcium plates called ___________________, ___________________ symmetry with a ______________ part body plan, no __________________ or _________________ as adults, and extendable ________________________ for movement.

 120. Echinoderms have a ___________________________ system composed of canals.  Water enters a pore called the ______________________ and goes through a short  _________________ canal to the _______________ canal. __________________ canals  connect to the ring canal & determine the 5 part body plan.

 121. How do starfish use their water vascular system when feeding?

 

 122. _____________________ are used for respiration and________________.

 123. Echinoderms reproduce asexually by _____________________ or sexually with _________________ fertilization.

 124. Starfish are in the class ____________________ and are active marine _______________ With _______________ arms attached to a _______________________.  Their mouth is located on the underside or _________________ surface. ___________________ mollusks are favorite food of starfish. They can eject their _________________ into the clam and digest it.

125. ___________________ and ____________________ are in the class Echinoidea and they lack distinct __________________.  They do have five rows of protruding _____________________ which they use along with external __________________ for movement.  Triangular ________________ around the mouth help them scrap or crush their food. They graze on __________________,

____________________, & dead fish.