first semester review

First Semester Review

	*What is the study of life called?*
	*What are the smallest units that can carry on life functions called?*
	*Living things are composed of ______________.*
	*Give an example of a scientific observation.*
	*What is a hypothesis?*
	*What 3 things compose an atom?*
	*Matter is made of ________________.*
	*When atoms gain energy, what happens to electrons?*
	*Do cells contain a few or thousands of different kinds of enzymes?*
	*__________________ reactions are important in organisms because they allow the passage of energy from one molecule to another.*
	*What is a polar molecule?*
	*Water molecules break up other polar substances. Give an example of such a polar molecule.*
	*What happens to ionic compounds in water?*
	*Which is not a carbohydrate ----- glycogen, steroids, cellulose, or sugars?*
	*Amino acids are the monomers for making ________________.*
	*Is ice an example of an organic molecule?*
	*The type & order of the amino acids determines the ___________ of a protein.*
	*Very active cells need more of which organelle?*
	*What organelle is the packaging & distribution center of the cell?*
	*What membrane surrounds the nucleus?*
	*What is the function of mitochondria. Sketch their shape.*
	*Where is chlorophyll found in plants?*
	*Diffusion takes place from ________________ concentration to ___________.*
	*If a cell has a high water content, will it lose or gain water?*
	*Ink dispersing in a beaker is an example of ________________.*
	*Very large molecules enter cells by a process called ________________.*
	*Endocytosis and exocytosis occur in ______________ directions across a cell membrane.*
	*What is photosynthesis?*
	*Where do the dark reactions of photosynthesis take place?*
	*When chlorophyll absorbs light energy ATP is made and what other energy carrying molecule?*
	*When chlorophyll absorbs light energy, what happens to its electrons?*
	*_______________ molecules are responsible for the photosystems.*
	*Electrons that have absorbed energy & moved to a higher energy level enter what chain?*
	*When cells break down food molecules, energy is temporarily stored in what molecule?*
	*When muscles do not get enough oxygen, what acid forms during exercise?*
	*If you are growing bacteria in a culture and lactic acids starts to form, the bacteria are not getting enough of what gas?*
	*The 2 stages of cellular respiration are _____________ & oxidative respiration.*
	*Citric acid forms in which cycle during cellular respiration?*
	*ATP molecules are formed inside what cellular organelle?*
	*The first filial generation is the result of a __________________ cross.*
	*If a genetic trait appears in every generation is it dominant or recessive?*
	*When Mendel crossed pea plants & looked at 2 different traits (flower color & plant height), did the inheritance of one trait influence the other?*
	*If a heterozygous individual is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual, how many phenotypes will result?*
	*What is the expected genotypic ratio from a homozygous dominant X heterozygous monohybrid cross?*
	*List several reasons for genetic counseling.*
	*If a genetic disorder is found equally in males & females, is it autosomal dominant or recessive?*
	*If both parents carry the gene for cystic fibrous, what is the chance that their child will develop the disease?*
	*If a trait is sex-linked, will it occur more often in males or females?*
	*If a gene is located on the X-chromosome, it is said to be ________________.*

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