Unit 6  Evolution & Phylogeny Study Guide

• Be able to give an example of an idea that Charles Darwin borrowed from Thomas Malthus
• Know some anatomical structures that would be homologous to the wing of a bat
• Know what important information was unavailable to Darwin in the mid-nineteenth century when he formulated his theory of evolution
• Know the name of Darwin's 1859 publication
• Be able to explain all parts of the Darwin-Wallace theory of natural selection
• Be able to explain how phylogenetic relationships are determined for closely related species
• Be able to differentiate between analogous & homolgous structures
• Know the requirements for the maintenance of  Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
• Be able to use the Hardy-Weinberg equation to determine allele frequencies and genotypic frequencies
• Be able to describe and give an example of a cline
• Be able to explain the bottleneck effect
• Know what process creates new alleles and serves to balance natural selection
• Be able to explain & give an example of genetic drift
• Know what is meant by the "gene pool"
• Know the major divisions of geologic time
• Be able to give several examples of fossil types
• Be able to explain binomial nomenclature
• Be able to list in order the major taxonomic categories
• Know what individuals in a population would most often carry copies of harmful recessive alleles
• Be able to explain & give an example of hybrid sterility
• Be able to explain & give an example of ecological isolation of species
• Know what polyploidy is & how it can cause rapid speciation
• Know the effect of mitosis & meiosis on allelic frequencies in nature
• Be able to explain the effect on alleles when new members move into a population
• Know the difference in prezygotic & postzygotic barriers 
• Be able to name & and give examples of prezygotic and postzygotic barriers
• Be able to explain & give examples of mechanical and behavioral isolation
• Know the difference between sympatric isolation and allopatric isolation
• Be able to explain why such a great diversity of life exists on the Hawaiian & Galapagos Islands
• Be able to tell the difference between anagenesis & cladogenesis
• Know what taxonomic level can exist as a discrete unit in nature
• Know what taxonomic unit would show the most genetic variation
• Be able to explain & give an example of adaptive radiation
• Be able to determine the age of a fossil using the half-life of carbon-14
• Know what major evolutionary episode occurred closely with the formation of Pangaea
• Be able to explain phylogeny
• Know the significance of the asteroid hypothesis
• Be able to explain & give examples of divergent & convergent evolution