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True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true
or false.
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1.
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Chordates and echinoderms have a common ancestor.
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2.
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None
of the echinoderms living in the oceans today is sessile.
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3.
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In
addition to radial symmetry, echinoderms have a water-vascular system.
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4.
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The
hard, spiny skin of an echinoderm is called an exoskeleton.
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5.
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All
echinoderms except the sand dollar display a five-part radial symmetry.
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6.
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The
adult form of all echinoderms exhibits radial symmetry.
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7.
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Sea
stars are carnivores and are among the most important predators in many marine
ecosystems.
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8.
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In
some echinoderms, respiration and waste removal are performed by skin gills.
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9.
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A
separated piece of a sea star can regenerate the rest of its body as long as the piece contains part
of the central region of the animal.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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10.
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Embryological evidence suggests that the echinoderms are closely related to
the a. | vertebrates. | c. | annelids. | b. | arthropods. | d. | arachnids. | | | | |
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11.
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The
first organisms to develop a hardened endoskeleton were the a. | echinoderms. | c. | arthropods. | b. | annelids. | d. | chordates. | | | | |
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12.
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Echinoderms a. | are radially symmetrical as larvae and as
adults. | b. | have an exoskeleton as adults. | c. | are bilaterally
symmetrical as larvae and radially symmetrical as adults. | d. | are radially
symmetrical as larvae and bilaterally symmetrical as adults. | | |
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13.
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The
symmetry exhibited by echinoderms is a. | bilateral. | c. | radial. | b. | spherical. | d. | mirror
image. | | | | |
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14.
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In
echinoderms and chordates, all the cells of the early embryo a. | are controlled
by molecules within the egg. | b. | form the “first mouth.” | c. | fall into four
different categories. | d. | are identical. | | |
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15.
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The
skeleton of an echinoderm is composed of individual plates called a. | ocelli. | c. | odonata. | b. | ossicles. | d. | isopods. | | | | |
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16.
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sea
cucumbers : a fused skeleton :: a. | sea urchins : a five-part body
plan | c. | sand dollars :
endoskeletons | b. | sea urchins : distinct arms | d. | sea urchins : endoskeletons | | | | |
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17.
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Vertebrates, tunicates, and lancelets a. | are all members
of the phylum Chordata. | b. | all have a backbone in the adult
stage. | c. | are all marine fish. | d. | are all
terrestrial heterotrophs. | | |
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18.
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Which
embryonic chordate characteristics do lancelets retain as adults? a. | notochord | b. | notochord and dorsal nerve cord | c. | notochord,
dorsal nerve cord, and postanal tail | d. | notochord, dorsal nerve cord, postanal tail, and pharyngeal
pouches | | |
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19.
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tunicates : in shallow- and deep-water environments :: a. | lancelets :
buried in mud or sand | b. | lancelets : swimming near the water’s
surface | c. | tentacles : in sea urchin mouths | d. | ossicles : in
lancelets | | |
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20.
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Some
scientists have hypothesized that the first vertebrates, which were fish, may have evolved from an
ancestral tunicate that became sexually mature in the larval form. They suggest that these
reproducing larvae were successful and natural selection reinforced the absence of metamorphosis to
the adult. Which of the following statements does not support the hypothesis that vertebrates
evolved from a sexually mature larval tunicate? a. | Many invertebrates, tunicate larvae and adults, and the
earliest vertebrates are or were filter feeders. | b. | Adult tunicates
are sessile and larval tunicates are free-swimming. | c. | The vertebral
column of adult vertebrates replaces the notochord present in embryonic
vertebrates. | d. | Some living urochordates exist only as free-swimming
larvae. | | |
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