'; answerText[13] = '
'; numberText[14] = '15.'; questionText[14] = '
a.
|
evolved in the same habitat
|
c.
|
descended from a common ancestor
|
b.
|
evolved in different habitats
|
d.
|
descended from different ancestors
|
'; answerText[14] = '
'; numberText[15] = '16.'; questionText[15] = '
a.
|
are stronger
|
c.
|
are best adapted ' + 'to their environment
|
b.
|
move faster
|
d.
|
have the largest ' + 'brains
|
'; answerText[15] = '
'; numberText[16] = '17.'; questionText[16] = '
a.
|
Darwin only
|
c.
|
both men
|
b.
|
Lamarck only
|
d.
|
neither man
|
'; answerText[16] = '
'; numberText[17] = '18.'; questionText[17] = '
a.
|
All organisms tend to increase in numbers at a geometric ' + 'rate
|
b.
|
In each generation, ' + 'the number of individuals in a species remains constant
|
c.
|
There is a struggle to survive
|
d.
|
Variations are passed to offspring. Favorable variations aid ' + 'survival and reproduction
|
'; answerText[17] = '
'; numberText[18] = '19.'; questionText[18] = '
a.
|
In each generation, the number of individuals in a species remains ' + 'constant
|
b.
|
Variations, which ' + 'may be inherited, are found among individuals in each species
|
c.
|
The inheritance of favorable variations may eventually lead to the ' + 'development of a new species
|
d.
|
All organisms tend to increase in numbers at a geometric ' + 'rate
|
'; answerText[18] = '
'; numberText[19] = '20.'; questionText[19] = '
a.
|
use and disuse
|
c.
|
natural selection
|
b.
|
inheritance of acquired characteristics
|
d.
|
continuity of the germ plasm
|
'; answerText[19] = '
'; numberText[20] = '21.'; questionText[20] = '
a.
|
evolution
|
c.
|
extinction
|
b.
|
law of use and disuse
|
d.
|
none of these
|
'; answerText[20] = '
'; numberText[21] = '22.'; questionText[21] = '
a.
|
hibernation
|
c.
|
an enzyme
|
b.
|
crab's claws
|
d.
|
migration
|
'; answerText[21] = '
'; numberText[22] = '23.'; questionText[22] = '
a.
|
a scarcity of resources
|
c.
|
low birth rates
|
b.
|
advantageous variations
|
d.
|
acquired characteristics
|
'; answerText[22] = '
'; numberText[23] = '24.'; questionText[23] = '
a.
|
Charles Darwin
|
c.
|
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
|
b.
|
Alfred Russell Wallace
|
d.
|
Thomas Malthus
|
'; answerText[23] = '
'; numberText[24] = '25.'; questionText[24] = '
a.
|
provides material on which natural selection ' + 'acts
|
b.
|
allows individuals ' + 'to explore new habitats
|
c.
|
minimizes competition within a species
|
d.
|
allows individuals to make the best use of limited ' + 'resources
|
'; answerText[24] = '
'; numberText[25] = '26.'; questionText[25] = '
a.
|
assumption
|
c.
|
collection of hypotheses
|
b.
|
fact
|
d.
|
debatable opinion
|
'; answerText[25] = '
'; numberText[26] = '27.'; questionText[26] = '
a.
|
that species change over time
|
b.
|
of natural selection
|
c.
|
that acquired characteristics are inherited
|
d.
|
that organisms change by a desire to better ' + 'themselves
|
'; answerText[26] = '
'; numberText[27] = '28.'; questionText[27] = '
a.
|
convergent evolution
|
c.
|
natural selection
|
b.
|
divergent evolution
|
d.
|
artificial selection
|
'; answerText[27] = '
'; numberText[28] = '29.'; questionText[28] = '
a.
|
fish
|
c.
|
common ancestor
|
b.
|
bird
|
d.
|
early human
|
'; answerText[28] = '
'; numberText[29] = '30.'; questionText[29] = '
a.
|
experimentation with animals.
|
b.
|
observations of many species and their geographical ' + 'location.
|
c.
|
reading the ' + 'writings of Wallace.
|
d.
|
agreeing with Lamarck about the driving force behind ' + 'evolution.
|
'; answerText[29] = '
'; numberText[30] = '31.'; questionText[30] = '
a.
|
Earth is many millions of years old.
|
b.
|
Earth is several thousand years old.
|
c.
|
all fossils were formed in the last 1000 ' + 'years.
|
d.
|
all rocks on Earth ' + 'contain fossils.
|
'; answerText[30] = '
'; numberText[31] = '32.'; questionText[31] = '
a.
|
Change is the result of survival of the ' + 'fittest.
|
b.
|
Body structure can change ' + 'according to the actions of the organism.
|
c.
|
Population size decreases the rate of ' + 'evolution.
|
d.
|
Artificial selection is ' + 'the basis for evolution.
|
'; answerText[31] = '
'; numberText[32] = '33.'; questionText[32] = '
a.
|
physical or behavioral.
|
b.
|
physical or geographical.
|
c.
|
acquired during the organism’s lifetime.
|
d.
|
the result of artificial selection.
|
'; answerText[32] = '
'; numberText[33] = '34.'; questionText[33] = '
a.
|
James Hutton.
|
b.
|
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.
|
c.
|
Thomas Malthus.
|
d.
|
Charles Darwin.
|
'; answerText[33] = '
'; numberText[34] = '35.'; questionText[34] = '
a.
|
how species become extinct.
|
b.
|
how inherited traits are passed from parent to ' + 'offspring.
|
c.
|
how species change ' + 'over time.
|
d.
|
how evolution ' + 'takes place in the natural world.
|
'; answerText[34] = '
'; studentName = StripSpaces(f.student_name.value); FixMTF(f); index = 0; for (i=0; i < f.length; ++i) { if (f.elements[i].name.indexOf(":") > 0) { text = StripSpaces(GetResponse(index, f.elements[i])); if (text.length == 0) ++numBlank; ++index; } } if (studentName == "") { alert("Student name cannot be blank."); return(false); } if (numBlank > 0) { if (numBlank == 1) msg = "1 question"; else msg = numBlank + " questions"; if (!confirm("You have not answered " + msg + " Are you sure you want to end the test?")) return(false); } index = 0; for (i=0; i < f.length; ++i) { if (f.elements[i].name.indexOf(":") > 0) { text = GetResponse(index, f.elements[i]); if (ansMap[index] == "") { prefixText[index] = "
"; ++numSubjective; } else { isCorrect = ScoreAnswer(index, text); if (isCorrect) ++numCorrect; ++numPossible; prefixText[index] = BuildPrefixText(index, text, isCorrect); } responseText[index] = TranslateHtmlString(text); ++index; } } if (showNotes) { for (i=0; i < numQuestions; ++i) { if (qtypeMap.charAt(i) == "2") notesText[i] = FixMCNotes(notesText[i], responseText[i]); } } if (numPossible > 0) scorePercent = Math.round(100.0 * numCorrect / numPossible); else scorePercent = 0; studentName = TranslateHtmlString(studentName); document.writeln("n"); document.writeln("
n"); document.writeln("
"); document.writeln("Name: " + studentName + ""); document.write("Score: " + numCorrect + " / " + numPossible + " (" + scorePercent + "%)"); if (numSubjective > 0) { document.write(" [" + numSubjective + " subjective "); if (numSubjective == 1) document.write("question"); else document.write("questions"); document.write(" not graded]"); } document.writeln(" "); document.writeln("
"); document.writeln("
"); document.writeln(instructionText[currentInstruction]); document.writeln("
"); document.writeln(" |
||||||||
"); document.writeln(narrativeText[currentNarrative]); document.writeln("
"); document.writeln(" |
||||||||
" + prefixText[i] + " |
" + numberText[i] + "
|
" + questionText[i]); document.writeln("
"); document.writeln("
"); document.writeln("
|
"); document.writeln("
"); document.writeln("
|
|
"); document.writeln(" | "); document.write(""); document.writeln(""); document.writeln(" |
"); document.writeln(""); document.writeln(""); document.close(); return(false); } function GetResponse(answerIndex, answer) { var listIndex; var responseText; if (listMap.charAt(answerIndex) == "1") { listIndex = answer.selectedIndex; responseText = answer.options[listIndex].text; } else responseText = answer.value; return(responseText); } function ScoreAnswer(answerIndex, responseText) { var listIndex; var answerText; answerText = ansMap[answerIndex]; if (qtypeMap.charAt(answerIndex) == "4") return(NumericCompare(responseText, answerText)); else if (qtypeMap.charAt(answerIndex) == "5") return(MultiCompare(responseText, answerText)); else if (responseText.toUpperCase() == answerText.toUpperCase()) return(true); else return(false); } function BuildPrefixText(answerIndex, responseText, isCorrect) { var text; var listIndex; text = "
" if (isCorrect) text += "" else text += " " if (listMap.charAt(answerIndex) == "1") { if (responseText.length == 0) responseText = " "; text += " " + responseText + " "; } text += "
" return(text); } function StripSpaces(s) { var len; var i; len = s.length; for (i=len - 1; i >= 0 && s.charAt(i) == " "; --i) len = i; if (len == 0) s = ""; else if (len != s.length) s = s.substring(0, len); return(s); } function TranslateHtmlString(text) { var newText; var replaceString; var position; var length; var breakPos; var skipExtra; var i; newText = ""; position = 0; length = text.length; while (position < length) { skipExtra = 0; breakPos = -1; for (i=position; i < length && breakPos < 0; ++i) { switch(text.charAt(i)) { case '>': replaceString = ">"; breakPos = i; break; case '<': replaceString = "<"; breakPos = i; break; case '&': replaceString = "&"; breakPos = i; break; case 'r': if ((i + 1) < length && text.charAt(i + 1) == 'n') skipExtra = 1; replaceString = "
"; breakPos = i; break; case 'n': replaceString = "
"; breakPos = i; break; case ' ': if ((i + 1 < length) && text.charAt(i + 1) == ' ') { replaceString = " "; breakPos = i; } break; } } if (breakPos < 0) { newText += text.substring(position, length); position = length; } else { if (breakPos > position) newText += text.substring(position, breakPos); newText += replaceString; position = breakPos + 1 + skipExtra; } } return(newText); } function FixMCNotes(notesText, studentText) { var displayText; var searchText; var upperNotes; var charCode; var startIndex; var endIndex; displayText = ""; if (studentText.length > 0 && notesText.length > 0) { upperNotes = notesText.toUpperCase(); studentText = studentText.toUpperCase(); charCode = studentText.charCodeAt(0); searchText = "/" + String.fromCharCode(charCode) + "/"; startIndex = upperNotes.indexOf(searchText); if (startIndex >= 0) { startIndex += searchText.length; searchText = "/" + String.fromCharCode(charCode + 1) + "/"; endIndex = upperNotes.indexOf(searchText, startIndex); if (endIndex < startIndex) endIndex = notesText.length; displayText = notesText.substring(startIndex, endIndex); } else if (notesText.charAt(0) != "/") displayText = notesText; } return(displayText); } function NumericCompare(s1, s2) { var s1Sign; var s2Sign; var tempString; var decimalCount; var decimalPos; var numToDelete; var len; var ch; var i; s1.toUpperCase(); s2.toUpperCase(); if (s1 == s2) return(true); else { s1Sign = 1; s2Sign = 1; tempString = ""; for (i=0; i < s1.length; ++i) { ch = s1.charAt(i); if (ch == "-" && tempString.length == 0) s1Sign = -1; else if ((ch >= "0" && ch <= "9") || ch == ".") tempString += ch; } s1 = tempString; decimalCount = 0; decimalPos = -1; for (i=0; i < s1.length; ++i) { if (s1.charAt(i) == '.') { ++decimalCount; if (decimalPos < 0) decimalPos = i; } } if (decimalCount == 1 && decimalPos >= 0) { len = s1.length; for (i=len - 1; i >= decimalPos; --i) { if (i == decimalPos || s1.charAt(i) == '0') len = i; else break; } if (len < s1.length) s1 = s1.substring(0, len); if (s1.length == 0) s1 = "0"; } numToDelete = 0; for (i=0; i < s1.length; ++i) { if (s1.charAt(i) == "0") ++numToDelete; else break; } if (numToDelete > 0) { if (numToDelete == s1.length) --numToDelete; if (numToDelete > 0) s1 = s1.substring(numToDelete); } ///////////////////////////////////////////// tempString = ""; for (i=0; i < s2.length; ++i) { ch = s2.charAt(i); if (ch == "-" && tempString.length == 0) s2Sign = -1; else if ((ch >= "0" && ch <= "9") || ch == ".") tempString += ch; } s2 = tempString; decimalCount = 0; decimalPos = -1; for (i=0; i < s2.length; ++i) { if (s2.charAt(i) == '.') { ++decimalCount; if (decimalPos < 0) decimalPos = i; } } if (decimalCount == 1 && decimalPos >= 0) { len = s2.length; for (i=len - 1; i >= decimalPos; --i) { if (i == decimalPos || s2.charAt(i) == '0') len = i; else break; } if (len < s2.length) s2 = s2.substring(0, len); if (s2.length == 0) s2 = "0"; } numToDelete = 0; for (i=0; i < s2.length; ++i) { if (s2.charAt(i) == "0") ++numToDelete; else break; } if (numToDelete > 0) { if (numToDelete == s2.length) --numToDelete; if (numToDelete > 0) s2 = s2.substring(numToDelete); } if (s1Sign == s2Sign && s1 == s2) return(true); } return(false); } function MultiCompare(responseText, answerText) { var startIndex; var endIndex; var partialText; responseText = responseText.toUpperCase(); answerText = answerText.toUpperCase(); startIndex = 0; do { endIndex = answerText.indexOf("r", startIndex); if (endIndex < 0) partialText = answerText.substring(startIndex); else partialText = answerText.substring(startIndex, endIndex); if (responseText == partialText) return(true); startIndex = endIndex + 1; } while (endIndex > 0); return(false); } function FixMTF(f) { var text; var letter; var theList; var listIndex; var number; var i; for (i=0; i < f.length; ++i) { if (f.elements[i].name.indexOf("MTF:") == 0) { number = parseInt(f.elements[i].name.substring(4), 10); theList = f["MTF-" + number + "-1"]; if (theList) { listIndex = theList.selectedIndex; letter = theList.options[listIndex].text; } else letter = ""; text = StripSpaces(f["MTF-" + number + "-2"].value); if (text == "") f.elements[i].value = letter; else f.elements[i].value = letter + "," + text; } } } function AllowReset() { return(window.confirm("Do you want to clear all of your answers?")); } // -->
Name:
|
True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
|
||||||||||
1. |
Within populations, divergence leads to speciation.
|
|||||||||
2. |
Genetic similarities between species is evidence of common ancestry.
|
|||||||||
3. |
Shared common traits are a clue to common ancestry.
|
|||||||||
4. |
The pelvic (hip) bones of a snake are vestigial organs.
|
|||||||||
5. |
Darwin would have explained giraffes having long necks as a trait that allowed the fittest to survive.
|
|||||||||
6. |
Darwin was the first scientist to propose that living things evolve.
|
|||||||||
7. |
Most organisms produce more offspring than can possibly survive.
|
|||||||||
Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
|
||||||||||
8. |
The change that results in a species being better suited to its environment is known as
|
|||||||||
9. |
New species form
|
|||||||||
10. |
Natural selection causes
|
|||||||||
11. |
The theory of evolution predicts that
|
|||||||||
12. |
Mutations are important to the understanding of evolution because they increase the
|
|||||||||
13. |
The human appendix is an example of a structure that is
|
|||||||||
14. |
The modern theory of evolution supports the concept that inheritable variations within a species may result from
|
|||||||||
15. |
The occurrence of the same blood protein in a group of species provides evidence that these species
|
|||||||||
16. |
According to modern ideas of evolution, the fittest individuals are those that
|
|||||||||
17. |
After all the grass was eaten, early horses had to stretch for food on trees. Consequently these horses developed longer legs and necks. This statement is consistent with the views of
|
|||||||||
18. |
It has been observed that white mice live in areas with white soil and brown mice live in areas with dark soil. Which statement best describes the situation?
|
|||||||||
19. |
Squirrels on the north rim of the Grand Canyon differ in many respects from those on the south rim (the river prevents passage from one to the other). Which statement best describes the situation?
|
|||||||||
20. |
The idea of the survival of the fittest is part of the explanation of the theory of evolution called
|
|||||||||
21. |
The process of change with time during successive generations among living things is
|
|||||||||
22. |
Which of the following is an example of a morphological adaptation?
|
|||||||||
23. |
Competition between individuals of a species occurs primarily because of
|
|||||||||
24. |
The book, Origin of the Species, was written by
|
|||||||||
25. |
Variation is most important to Darwin’s theory of evolution because it
|
|||||||||
26. |
Evolutionary change is a(n)
|
|||||||||
27. |
Unlike Lamarck’s theory of evolution, Darwin’s theory included the idea
|
|||||||||
28. |
According to Darwin, the process in which organisms best suited to their environment survive and reproduce is called
|
|||||||||
29. |
Genes that are active during the early development of fishes, birds, and humans are the shared heritage from a(an)
|
|||||||||
30. |
Darwin began to formulate his concept of evolution by natural selection after
|
|||||||||
31. |
Charles Lyell’s work suggests that
|
|||||||||
32. |
Which is a major concept included in Lamarck’s theory of evolution?
|
|||||||||
33. |
An adaptation is an inherited characteristic that can be
|
|||||||||
34. |
The hypothesis that species change over time by natural selection was proposed by
|
|||||||||
35. |
Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution explains all of the following EXCEPT
|