'; answerText[13] = '

'; numberText[14] = '15.'; questionText[14] = '

a.	evolved in the same habitat	c.	descended from a common ancestor
b.	evolved in different habitats	d.	descended from different ancestors

'; answerText[14] = '

'; numberText[15] = '16.'; questionText[15] = '

a.	are stronger	c.	are best adapted ' + 'to their environment
b.	move faster	d.	have the largest ' + 'brains

'; answerText[15] = '

'; numberText[16] = '17.'; questionText[16] = '

a.	Darwin only	c.	both men
b.	Lamarck only	d.	neither man

'; answerText[16] = '

'; numberText[17] = '18.'; questionText[17] = '

a.	All organisms tend to increase in numbers at a geometric ' + 'rate
b.	In each generation, ' + 'the number of individuals in a species remains constant
c.	There is a struggle to survive
d.	Variations are passed to offspring.  Favorable variations aid ' + 'survival and reproduction

'; answerText[17] = '

'; numberText[18] = '19.'; questionText[18] = '

a.	In each generation, the number of individuals in a species remains ' + 'constant
b.	Variations, which ' + 'may be inherited, are found among individuals in each species
c.	The inheritance of favorable variations may eventually lead to the ' + 'development of a new species
d.	All organisms tend to increase in numbers at a geometric ' + 'rate

'; answerText[18] = '

'; numberText[19] = '20.'; questionText[19] = '

a.	use and disuse	c.	natural selection
b.	inheritance of acquired characteristics	d.	continuity of the germ plasm

'; answerText[19] = '

'; numberText[20] = '21.'; questionText[20] = '

a.	evolution	c.	extinction
b.	law of use and disuse	d.	none of these

'; answerText[20] = '

'; numberText[21] = '22.'; questionText[21] = '

a.	hibernation	c.	an enzyme
b.	crab's claws	d.	migration

'; answerText[21] = '

'; numberText[22] = '23.'; questionText[22] = '

a.	a scarcity of resources	c.	low birth rates
b.	advantageous variations	d.	acquired characteristics

'; answerText[22] = '

'; numberText[23] = '24.'; questionText[23] = '

a.	Charles Darwin	c.	Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
b.	Alfred Russell Wallace	d.	Thomas Malthus

'; answerText[23] = '

'; numberText[24] = '25.'; questionText[24] = '

a.	provides material on which natural selection ' + 'acts
b.	allows individuals ' + 'to explore new habitats
c.	minimizes competition within a species
d.	allows individuals to make the best use of limited ' + 'resources

'; answerText[24] = '

'; numberText[25] = '26.'; questionText[25] = '

a.	assumption	c.	collection of hypotheses
b.	fact	d.	debatable opinion

'; answerText[25] = '

'; numberText[26] = '27.'; questionText[26] = '

a.	that species change over time
b.	of natural selection
c.	that acquired characteristics are inherited
d.	that organisms change by a desire to better ' + 'themselves

'; answerText[26] = '

'; numberText[27] = '28.'; questionText[27] = '

a.	convergent evolution	c.	natural selection
b.	divergent evolution	d.	artificial selection

'; answerText[27] = '

'; numberText[28] = '29.'; questionText[28] = '

a.	fish	c.	common ancestor
b.	bird	d.	early human

'; answerText[28] = '

'; numberText[29] = '30.'; questionText[29] = '

a.	experimentation with animals.
b.	observations of many species and their geographical ' + 'location.
c.	reading the ' + 'writings of Wallace.
d.	agreeing with Lamarck about the driving force behind ' + 'evolution.

'; answerText[29] = '

'; numberText[30] = '31.'; questionText[30] = '

a.	Earth is many millions of years old.
b.	Earth is several thousand years old.
c.	all fossils were formed in the last 1000 ' + 'years.
d.	all rocks on Earth ' + 'contain fossils.

'; answerText[30] = '

'; numberText[31] = '32.'; questionText[31] = '

a.	Change is the result of survival of the ' + 'fittest.
b.	Body structure can change ' + 'according to the actions of the organism.
c.	Population size decreases the rate of ' + 'evolution.
d.	Artificial selection is ' + 'the basis for evolution.

'; answerText[31] = '

'; numberText[32] = '33.'; questionText[32] = '

a.	physical or behavioral.
b.	physical or geographical.
c.	acquired during the organism’s lifetime.
d.	the result of artificial selection.

'; answerText[32] = '

'; numberText[33] = '34.'; questionText[33] = '

a.	James Hutton.
b.	Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.
c.	Thomas Malthus.
d.	Charles Darwin.

'; answerText[33] = '

'; numberText[34] = '35.'; questionText[34] = '

a.	how species become extinct.
b.	how inherited traits are passed from parent to ' + 'offspring.
c.	how species change ' + 'over time.
d.	how evolution ' + 'takes place in the natural world.

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Name:  Theory of Evolution

 

True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
TF	1.	Within populations, divergence leads to speciation.
TF	2.	Genetic similarities between species is evidence of common ancestry.
TF	3.	Shared common traits are a clue to common ancestry.
TF	4.	The pelvic (hip) bones of a snake are vestigial organs.
TF	5.	Darwin would have explained giraffes having long necks as a trait that allowed the fittest to survive.
TF	6.	Darwin was the first scientist to propose that living things evolve.
TF	7.	Most organisms produce more offspring than can possibly survive.
Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
ABCD	8.	The change that results in a species being better suited to its environment is known as a. reproduction. c. adaptation. b. variation. d. selection.
ABCD	9.	New species form a. when ecological races diverge more and more. b. because of natural selection. c. when members of the same species become adapted to new environments. d. All of the above
ABCD	10.	Natural selection causes a. changes in the environment. b. plants and animals to produce more offspring than can survive. c. changes in the frequency of certain alleles in a population. d. All of the above
ABCD	11.	The theory of evolution predicts that a. closely related species will show similarities in nucleotide sequences. b. if species have changed over time, their genes should have changed. c. closely related species will show similarities in amino acid sequences. d. All of the above
ABCD	12.	Mutations are important to the understanding of evolution because they increase the a. value of natural selection of animals c. use of organs in animals b. production of variations in animals d. differentiation of animal embryos
ABCD	13.	The human appendix is an example of a structure that is a. homologous c. a variation b. acquired d. vestigial
ABCD	14.	The modern theory of evolution supports the concept that inheritable variations within a species may result from a. recombination of genes during fertilization c. changes in autosomes b. use and disuse d. acquired characteristics
ABCD	15.	The occurrence of the same blood protein in a group of species provides evidence that these species a. evolved in the same habitat c. descended from a common ancestor b. evolved in different habitats d. descended from different ancestors
ABCD	16.	According to modern ideas of evolution, the fittest individuals are those that a. are stronger c. are best adapted to their environment b. move faster d. have the largest brains
ABCD	17.	After all the grass was eaten, early horses had to stretch for food on trees.  Consequently these horses developed longer legs and necks. This statement is consistent with the views of a. Darwin only c. both men b. Lamarck only d. neither man
ABCD	18.	It has been observed that white mice live in areas with white soil and brown mice live in areas with dark soil.  Which statement best describes the situation? a. All organisms tend to increase in numbers at a geometric rate b. In each generation, the number of individuals in a species remains constant c. There is a struggle to survive d. Variations are passed to offspring.  Favorable variations aid survival and reproduction
ABCD	19.	Squirrels on the north rim of the Grand Canyon differ in many respects from those on the south rim (the river prevents passage from one to the other).  Which statement best describes the situation? a. In each generation, the number of individuals in a species remains constant b. Variations, which may be inherited, are found among individuals in each species c. The inheritance of favorable variations may eventually lead to the development of a new species d. All organisms tend to increase in numbers at a geometric rate
ABCD	20.	The idea of the survival of the fittest is part of the explanation of the theory of evolution called a. use and disuse c. natural selection b. inheritance of acquired characteristics d. continuity of the germ plasm
ABCD	21.	The process of change with time during successive generations among living things is a. evolution c. extinction b. law of use and disuse d. none of these
ABCD	22.	Which of the following is an example of a morphological adaptation? a. hibernation c. an enzyme b. crab’s claws d. migration
ABCD	23.	Competition between individuals of a species occurs primarily because of a. a scarcity of resources c. low birth rates b. advantageous variations d. acquired characteristics
ABCD	24.	The book, Origin of the Species, was written by a. Charles Darwin c. Jean Baptiste de Lamarck b. Alfred Russell Wallace d. Thomas Malthus
ABCD	25.	Variation is most important to Darwin’s theory of evolution because it a. provides material on which natural selection acts b. allows individuals to explore new habitats c. minimizes competition within a species d. allows individuals to make the best use of limited resources
ABCD	26.	Evolutionary change is a(n) a. assumption c. collection of hypotheses b. fact d. debatable opinion
ABCD	27.	Unlike Lamarck’s theory of evolution, Darwin’s theory included the idea a. that species change over time b. of natural selection c. that acquired characteristics are inherited d. that organisms change by a desire to better themselves
ABCD	28.	According to Darwin, the process in which organisms best suited to their environment survive and reproduce is called a. convergent evolution c. natural selection b. divergent evolution d. artificial selection
ABCD	29.	Genes that are active during the early development of fishes, birds, and humans are the shared heritage from a(an) a. fish c. common ancestor b. bird d. early human
ABCD	30.	Darwin began to formulate his concept of evolution by natural selection after a. experimentation with animals. b. observations of many species and their geographical location. c. reading the writings of Wallace. d. agreeing with Lamarck about the driving force behind evolution.
ABCD	31.	Charles Lyell’s work suggests that a. Earth is many millions of years old. b. Earth is several thousand years old. c. all fossils were formed in the last 1000 years. d. all rocks on Earth contain fossils.
ABCD	32.	Which is a major concept included in Lamarck’s theory of evolution? a. Change is the result of survival of the fittest. b. Body structure can change according to the actions of the organism. c. Population size decreases the rate of evolution. d. Artificial selection is the basis for evolution.
ABCD	33.	An adaptation is an inherited characteristic that can be a. physical or behavioral. b. physical or geographical. c. acquired during the organism’s lifetime. d. the result of artificial selection.
ABCD	34.	The hypothesis that species change over time by natural selection was proposed by a. James Hutton. b. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. c. Thomas Malthus. d. Charles Darwin.
ABCD	35.	Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution explains all of the following EXCEPT a. how species become extinct. b. how inherited traits are passed from parent to offspring. c. how species change over time. d. how evolution takes place in the natural world.