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True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true
or false.
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1.
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The
types of particles that are located in the nucleus of an atom are protons and neutrons, and the types
of particles that are located in the energy levels surrounding the nucleus are
electrons.
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2.
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The
atomic number of carbon is 6, so it must contain 12 electrons.
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3.
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Most
elements are stable if their outermost energy level contains an even number of
electrons.
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4.
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Atoms
in a gas move more rapidly than atoms in a liquid or a solid do.
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5.
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The
products of an endergonic chemical reaction possess more energy than the reactants from which they
are produced.
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6.
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The
amount of energy needed to cause a chemical reaction to start is called activation
energy.
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7.
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When
an enzyme binds with its substrate, the activation energy needed for the chemical reaction to occur
is raised.
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8.
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Enzymes speed up a chemical reaction by increasing the activation energy of the
reaction.
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9.
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Free
hydrogen ions can react with water molecules and form a positively charged ion, the hydronium
ion.
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10.
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Buffers can neutralize acids, but they do not affect bases.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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11.
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The
smallest particle of matter that can retain the chemical properties of carbon is a. | a carbon
molecule. | c. | a carbon
atom. | b. | a carbon macromolecule. | d. | an element. | | | | |
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12.
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The
bond formed when two atoms share a pair of electrons is called a a. | hydrogen
bond. | c. | covalent
bond. | b. | nonpolar bond. | d. | water bond. | | | | |
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13.
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Sharing of electrons in the outer energy levels of two atoms a. | results in ion
formation. | b. | occurs in covalent bonds. | c. | only occurs if
both are atoms of the same element. | d. | is found only among carbon atoms. | | |
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14.
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An
atom that has gained or lost electrons is called a(n) a. | molecule. | c. | ion. | b. | nucleon. | d. | element. | | | | |
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15.
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Which
of the following statements most accurately describes the difference between an ionic bond and a
covalent bond? a. | Atoms held
together by ionic bonds separate when placed in water while atoms held together by covalent bonds do
not separate in water. | b. | Ionic bonds hold together atoms of two different types, while
covalent bonds hold together atoms of the same type. | c. | Electrons are
exchanged between atoms held together by an ionic bond, but they are shared between atoms held
together by a covalent bond. | d. | Ionic bonds form between atoms that carry opposite charges,
while covalent bonds form between uncharged atoms. | | |
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16.
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A
reaction in which the products have less energy than the reactants is a. | an endergonic
reaction. | c. | a filamentous
reaction. | b. | an exergonic reaction. | d. | impossible. | | | | |
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17.
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Refer
to the graph above. Reaction “1” in the graph a. | is an
energy-storing reaction. | b. | requires a greater activation energy than Reaction
“2.” | c. | may use the same initial reactant condition needed to form
Product “B.” | d. | All of the above | | |
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18.
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Refer
to the graph above. Which of these statements is true regarding the graph? a. | Reaction
“2” occurs faster than Reaction “3” because Reaction “2” requires more
energy than Reaction “3.” | b. | The difference in the graphs shown for Reaction “2”
and Reaction “3” is due to a difference in the activation energy needed for these
reactions. | c. | Reactant “A” contains more energy at the beginning of
the reaction than Product “C” has after the reaction. | d. | All of the
above | | |
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19.
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Changing the course or pathway of a chemical reaction so that it requires less
activation energy a. | is a violation
of the laws of nature. | b. | requires higher temperatures than those found within
cells. | c. | occurs only when reactants are quickly added to the reaction
mixture. | d. | is accomplished by the action of catalysts on
reactants. | | |
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20.
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Oxidation-reduction reactions are important in organisms because they a. | allow the
passage of energy from molecule to molecule. | b. | prevent nuclear
reactions from occurring. | c. | allow the creation and destruction of
energy. | d. | None of the above; oxidation-reduction reactions do not occur
in living organisms. | | |
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