Chapter 30     Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Pants

Objectives
Key Terrestrial Adaptations Were Crucial to the
Success of Seed Plants
1. Name five terrestrial adaptations that contributed to the success of seed plants.
2. Compare the size and independence of the gametophytes of bryophytes with those of seed plants.
3. Describe the ovule of a seed plant.
4. Contrast the male gametophytes of bryophytes with those of seed plants.
5. Explain why pollen grains were an important adaptation for successful reproduction on land.
6. Explain how a seed can be said to include contributions from three distinct generations.
7. Compare spores with seeds as dispersal stages in plant life cycles.
   
  Gymnosperms
8. Explain how climatic changes with the formation of the supercontinent Pangaea favored the spread of gymnosperms.
9. List and distinguish among the four phyla of gymnosperms.
10. Describe the life history of a pine. Indicate which structures are part of the gametophyte generation and which are part of the sporophyte generation.
   
  Angiosperms (Flowering Plants)
11. Identify the following floral structures and describe a function for each:
a. sepal   f. anther
b. petal   g. stigma
c. stamen   h. style
d. carpel   i. ovary
e. filament   j. ovule
12. Define fruit. Explain how fruits may be adapted to disperse seeds.
13. Explain why a cereal grain is a fruit rather than a seed.
14. Diagram the generalized life cycle of an angiosperm. Indicate which structures are part of the gametophyte generation and which are part of the sporophyte generation.
15. Describe the role of the generative cell and the tube cell within the angiosperm pollen grain.
16. Explain the process and function of double fertilization.
17. Explain the significance of Archaefructus.
18. Explain the significance of Amborella.
19. Distinguish between monocots and eudicots.
20. Explain how animals may have influenced the evolution of terrestrial plants and vice versa.
   
  Plants and Human Welfare
21. Name the six angiosperms that are most important in the diet of the human species.
22. Describe the current threat to plant diversity caused by human population growth.

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