Chapter 22 Darwinian View of Life
Objectives
| The Historical Context for Evolutionary Theory | |||
| 1. | Explain the mechanism for evolutionary change proposed by Charles Darwin in On the Origin of Species. | ||
| 2. | Define evolution and adaptation. | ||
| 3. | Compare and contrast Aristotle’s scala naturae to Carolus Linnaeus’ classification scheme. | ||
| 4. | Describe the theories of catastrophism, gradualism, and uniformitarianism. | ||
| 5. | Explain the mechanism for evolutionary change proposed by Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck. Explain why modern biology has rejected Lamarck’s theories. | ||
| The Darwinian Revolution | |||
| 6. | Describe how Darwin’s observations on the voyage of the HMS Beagle led him to formulate and support his theory of evolution. | ||
| 7. | Explain how the principle of gradualism and Charles Lyell’s theory of uniformitarianism influenced Darwin’s ideas about evolution. | ||
| 8. | Explain what Darwin meant by “descent with modification.” | ||
| 9. | Explain what evidence convinced Darwin that species change over time. | ||
| 10. | Explain how Linnaeus’ classification scheme fit Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. | ||
| 11. | Describe the three inferences Darwin made from his observations that led him to propose natural selection as a mechanism for evolutionary change. | ||
| 12. | Explain how an essay by the Rev. Thomas Malthus influenced Charles Darwin. | ||
| 13. | Distinguish between artificial selection and natural selection. | ||
| 14. | Explain why an individual organism cannot evolve. | ||
| 15. | Describe the experiments that supported Reznick and Endler’s hypothesis that differences in life-history traits between guppy populations are due to selective pressure based on predation. | ||
| 16. | Explain how the existence of homologous and vestigial structures can be explained by Darwin’s theory of natural selection. | ||
| 17. | Explain how evidence from biogeography supports the theory of evolution by natural selection. | ||
| 18. | Explain the problem with the statement that Darwinism is “just a theory.” Distinguish between the scientific and colloquial use of the word theory. | ||
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