Chapter 21 Genetic Basis of Development
Objectives
| From Single Cell to Multicellular Organism | |||
| 1. | List the animals used as models for developmental biology research and provide a rationale for their choice. | ||
| 2. | Distinguish between the patterns of morphogenesis in plants and in animals. | ||
| Differential Gene Expression | |||
| 3. | Describe how genomic equivalence was determined for plants and animals. | ||
| 4. | Describe what kinds of changes occur to the genome during differentiation. | ||
| 5. | Describe the general process by which the ewe Dolly and the first mice were cloned. | ||
| 6. | Describe the characteristics of stem cells. Explain their significance to medicine. | ||
| 7. | Distinguish between determination and differentiation. Explain why determination precedes differentiation. | ||
| 8. | Describe the molecular basis of determination. | ||
| 9. | Describe the two sources of information that instruct a cell to express genes at the appropriate time. | ||
| Genetic and Cellular Mechanisms of Pattern Formation | |||
| 10. | Describe how Drosophila was used to investigate the basic aspects of pattern formation (axis formation and segmentation). | ||
| 11. | Explain how maternal genes affect polarity and development in Drosophila embryos. | ||
| 12. | Describe how gradients of morphogens may specify the axes of developing Drosophila embryos. | ||
| 13. | Describe how homeotic genes define the anatomical identity of the segments of a developing organism. | ||
| 14. | Describe how the study of nematodes contributed to an understanding of the role of induction in development. | ||
| 15. | Describe how apoptosis functions in normal and abnormal development. | ||
| 16. | Describe how the study of tomatoes has contributed to the understanding of flower development. | ||
| 17. | Describe how the study of Arabidopsis has contributed to the understanding of organ identity in plants. | ||
| 18. | Provide evidence of the conservation of homeobox patterns. | ||
