| DNA as the Genetic Material |
| 1. |
Explain why researchers originally thought protein was the genetic material. |
| 2. |
Summarize the experiments performed by the following scientists that provided evidence that DNA is the genetic material:
a. Frederick Griffith
b. Oswald Avery, Maclyn McCarty, and Colin MacLeod
c. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
d. Erwin Chargaff |
| 3. |
Explain how Watson and Crick deduced the structure of DNA and describe the evidence they used. Explain the significance of the research of Rosalind Franklin. |
| 4. |
Describe the structure of DNA. Explain the base-pairing rule and describe its significance. |
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DNA Replication and Repair |
| 5. |
Describe the semiconservative model of replication and the significance of the experiments of Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl. |
| 6. |
Describe the process of DNA replication, including the role of the origins of replication and replication forks. |
| 7. |
Explain the role of DNA polymerases in replication. |
| 8. |
Explain what energy source drives the polymerization of DNA. |
| 9. |
Define antiparallel and explain why continuous synthesis of both DNA strands is not possible. |
| 10. |
Distinguish between the leading strand and the lagging strand. |
| 11. |
Explain how the lagging strand is synthesized even though DNA polymerase can add nucleotides only to the 39 end. Describe the significance of Okazaki fragments. |
| 12. |
Explain the roles of DNA ligase, primer, primase, helicase, topoisomerase, and single-strand binding proteins. |
| 13. |
Explain why an analogy can be made comparing DNA replication to a locomotive made of DNA polymerase moving along a railroad track of DNA. |
| 14. |
Explain the roles of DNA polymerase, mismatch repair enzymes, and nuclease in DNA proofreading and repair. |
| 15. |
Describe the structure and function of telomeres. |
| 16. |
Explain the possible significance of telomerase in germ cells and cancerous cell. |