'; answerText[15] = '

'; numberText[16] = '17.'; questionText[16] = '

a.	deoxyribose	c.	phosphate
b.	nitrogenous base	d.	ribose

'; answerText[16] = '

'; numberText[17] = '18.'; questionText[17] = '

a.	cytosine and guanine	c.	ribose and adenine
b.	phosphate and deoxyribose	d.	uracil and thymine

'; answerText[17] = '

'; numberText[18] = '19.'; questionText[18] = '

a.	a sequence of amino acids.
b.	special proteins found in chromosomes.
c.	a sequence of nucleotides that controls the production of a certain ' + 'protein.
d.	a sequence of ' + 'nucleotides coding for the production of starches and sugars.

'; answerText[18] = '

'; numberText[19] = '20.'; questionText[19] = '

a.	'unzip'.	c.	attract nitrogenous bases.
b.	act as a template.	d.	destroy a genetic code.

'; answerText[19] = '

'; numberText[20] = '21.'; questionText[20] = '

a.	nucleic acids	c.	nucleotides
b.	hereditary traits	d.	proteins

'; answerText[20] = '

'; numberText[21] = '22.'; questionText[21] = '

a.	fats	c.	lipids
b.	nucleotides	d.	amino acids

'; answerText[21] = '

'; numberText[22] = '23.'; questionText[22] = '

a.	converts to RNA	c.	joins mRNA
b.	joins tRNA	d.	strands separate

'; answerText[22] = '

'; numberText[23] = '24.'; questionText[23] = '

a.	They control biochemical pathways within the ' + 'cell.
b.	They direct the ' + 'synthesis of lipids.
c.	They are composed of sugars.
d.	They take responsibility for cell movement.

'; answerText[23] = '

'; numberText[24] = '25.'; questionText[24] = '

a.	amino acids.	c.	monosaccharides.
b.	fatty acids.	d.	nucleotides.

'; answerText[24] = '

'; numberText[25] = '26.'; questionText[25] = '

a.	contains phosphate groups	c.	has four nitrogen bases
b.	undergoes transcription	d.	has a double helix shape

'; answerText[25] = '

'; numberText[26] = '27.'; questionText[26] = '

a.	nitrogen bonds	c.	bases
b.	relatively weak chemical bonds	d.	nucleotides

'; answerText[26] = '

'; numberText[27] = '28.'; questionText[27] = '

a.	ribose sugar	c.	pyrimidine
b.	purine	d.	phosphate group

'; answerText[27] = '

'; numberText[28] = '29.'; questionText[28] = '

a.	are complementary.	c.	must replicate again.
b.	are identical.	d.	cannot replicate again.

'; answerText[28] = '

'; numberText[29] = '30.'; questionText[29] = '

a.	some amino acids lack codons
b.	some amino acids have more than one codon
c.	all amino acids have two codons
d.	none of the above

'; answerText[29] = '

'; numberText[30] = '31.'; questionText[30] = '

a.	DNA	c.	tRNA
b.	mRNA	d.	B and C

'; answerText[30] = '

'; numberText[31] = '32.'; questionText[31] = '

a.	synthesizing DNA.	c.	forming ribosomes.
b.	synthesizing mRNA.	d.	transferring amino acids to ribosomes.

'; answerText[31] = '

'; numberText[32] = '33.'; questionText[32] = '

a.	variable number	c.	threes
b.	twos	d.	fours

'; answerText[32] = '

'; numberText[33] = '34.'; questionText[33] = '

a.	double-stranded	c.	like a ladder
b.	single-stranded	d.	both A and C

'; answerText[33] = '

'; numberText[34] = '35.'; questionText[34] = '

a.	200	c.	600
b.	400	d.	800

'; answerText[34] = '

'; numberText[35] = '36.'; questionText[35] = '

a.	replication	c.	translation
b.	transcription	d.	both A and ' + 'B

'; answerText[35] = '

'; numberText[36] = '37.'; questionText[36] = '

a.	ATC	c.	ATG
b.	UTC	d.	AUC

'; answerText[36] = '

'; numberText[37] = '38.'; questionText[37] = '

a.	contains deoxyribose.	c.	contains thymine.
b.	is double stranded.	d.	contains uracil.

'; answerText[37] = '

'; numberText[38] = '39.'; questionText[38] = '

a.	DNA	c.	tRNA
b.	mRNA	d.	both B and C

'; answerText[38] = '

'; numberText[39] = '40.'; questionText[39] = '

a.	anticodon.	c.	enzyme.
b.	codon.	d.	nuclei acid.

'; answerText[39] = '

'; numberText[40] = '41.'; questionText[40] = '

a.	guanine	c.	thymine
b.	adenine	d.	cytosine

'; answerText[40] = '

'; numberText[41] = '42.'; questionText[41] = '

a.	becomes attached to messenger RNA.
b.	becomes attached to ribosomal RNA.
c.	is destroyed as an individual molecule.
d.	moves away to pick up another amino acid.

'; answerText[41] = '

'; numberText[42] = '43.'; questionText[42] = '

a.	cytosine, uracil, adenine, guanine, ' + 'uracil	c.	uracil, adenine, cytosine, uracil, ' + 'guanine
b.	guanine, cytosine, ' + 'uracil, adenine, uracil	d.	cytosine, guanine, uracil, uracil, ' + 'adenine

'; answerText[42] = '

'; numberText[43] = '44.'; questionText[43] = '

a.	glucose	c.	ribose
b.	sucrose	d.	deoxyribose

'; answerText[43] = '

'; numberText[44] = '45.'; questionText[44] = '

a.	is single-stranded.	c.	contains the nitrogen base uracil.
b.	contains a different sugar molecule.	d.	All of the above are correct.

'; answerText[44] = '

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Name:  DNA & Protein Synthesis

 

True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.
TF	1.	When a tRNA anticodon binds to an mRNA codon, the amino acid detaches from the tRNA molecule and attaches to the end of a growing protein chain.
TF	2.	Only ribosomal RNA plays a role in translation.
TF	3.	During DNA replication, the molecule unzips and the exposed DNA nucleotides pair with other specific nucleotides present in the nucleus
TF	4.	Humans pass exact copies of their DNA to their offspring.
TF	5.	Watson and Crick proposed a model of DNA
TF	6.	Amino acids are linked together by hydrogen bonds.
TF	7.	During transcription, the information on a DNA molecule is “rewritten” into an mRNA molecule.
TF	8.	All codons encode amino acids.
Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
ABCD	9.	Purines and pyrimidines are a. bases found in amino acids. b. able to replace phosphate groups from defective DNA. c. names of specific types of DNA molecules. d. bases found in nucleotides.
ABCD	10.	Chargaff’s rules, or the base-pairing rules, state that in DNA a. the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine. b. the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine. c. the amount of guanine equals the amount of thymine. d. Both a and b
ABCD	11.	ATTG : TAAC :: a. AAAT : TTTG c. GTCC : CAGG b. TCGG : AGAT d. CGAA : TGCG
ABCD	12.	Which of the following types of RNA carries instructions for making proteins? a. mRNA c. tRNA b. rRNA d. All of the above
ABCD	13.	Which of the following is not found in DNA? a. adenine c. uracil b. cytosine d. None of the above
ABCD	14.	Suppose that you are given a polypeptide sequence containing the following sequence of amino acids: tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, isoleucine, and cysteine. Use the portion of the genetic code given in the table below to determine the DNA sequence that codes for this polypeptide sequence. mRNA Amino acid UAU, UAC tyrosine CCU, CCC, CCA, CCG proline GAU, GAC aspartic acis AUU, AUC, AUA isoleucine UGU, UGC cysteine a. AUGGGUCUAUAUACG c. GCAAACTCGCGCGTA b. ATGGGTCTATATACG d. ATAGGGCTTTAAACA
ABCD	15.	In order for protein synthesis to occur, mRNA must migrate to the a. ribosomes. c. RNA polymerase. b. lac operon. d. heterochromatin.
ABCD	16.	After the primary structure of a protein has been completed a. the codons and anticodons unite. b. an enzyme attaches adjacent amino acids to each other to form a chain. c. the protein folds into the secondary and tertiary structures. d. the tRNA molecules remain attached until the protein is secreted from the cell.
ABCD	17.	Which of the following is  not  part of a molecule of DNA? a. deoxyribose c. phosphate b. nitrogenous base d. ribose
ABCD	18.	During replication in a molecule of DNA, one separation likely to occur is between a. cytosine and guanine c. ribose and adenine b. phosphate and deoxyribose d. uracil and thymine
ABCD	19.	A gene may be described as a. a sequence of amino acids. b. special proteins found in chromosomes. c. a sequence of nucleotides that controls the production of a certain protein. d. a sequence of nucleotides coding for the production of starches and sugars.
ABCD	20.	The synthesis of a new double strand of DNA begins when the two strand of the original DNA helix a. ‘unzip’. c. attract nitrogenous bases. b. act as a template. d. destroy a genetic code.
ABCD	21.	Genes(DNA) affect cell structure and function by directing the synthesis of a. nucleic acids c. nucleotides b. hereditary traits d. proteins
ABCD	22.	Protein molecules are made up of a. fats c. lipids b. nucleotides d. amino acids
ABCD	23.	During, DNA replication, DNA a. converts to RNA c. joins mRNA b. joins tRNA d. strands separate
ABCD	24.	Which is not true about proteins? a. They control biochemical pathways within the cell. b. They direct the synthesis of lipids. c. They are composed of sugars. d. They take responsibility for cell movement.
ABCD	25.	Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of a. amino acids. c. monosaccharides. b. fatty acids. d. nucleotides.
ABCD	26.	Watson and Crick were the first scientists to state that DNA a. contains phosphate groups c. has four nitrogen bases b. undergoes transcription d. has a double helix shape
ABCD	27.	The two chains of a DNA molecule are connected by a. nitrogen bonds c. bases b. relatively weak chemical bonds d. nucleotides
ABCD	28.	All nucleotide molecules contain the same kind of a. ribose sugar c. pyrimidine b. purine d. phosphate group
ABCD	29.	After DNA replication, the two DNA molecules that are made a. are complementary. c. must replicate again. b. are identical. d. cannot replicate again.
ABCD	30.	Sixty-four codons for 20 amino acids requires that a. some amino acids lack codons b. some amino acids have more than one codon c. all amino acids have two codons d. none of the above
ABCD	31.	Which of the following combines with amino acids a. DNA c. tRNA b. mRNA d. B and C
ABCD	32.	rRNA has a function in a. synthesizing DNA. c. forming ribosomes. b. synthesizing mRNA. d. transferring amino acids to ribosomes.
ABCD	33.	The DNA code consists of sequences of nucleotides arranged in groups of a. variable number c. threes b. twos d. fours
ABCD	34.	Unlike mRNA, the DNA molecule is a. double-stranded c. like a ladder b. single-stranded d. both A and C
ABCD	35.	The number of bases in a row in a gene that codes a protein composed of 200 amino acids is a. 200 c. 600 b. 400 d. 800
ABCD	36.	A DNA molecule unzips during a. replication c. translation b. transcription d. both A and B
ABCD	37.	A DNA chain has the following sequence of bases, TAG.  The corresponding messenger RNA chain should have the sequence a. ATC c. ATG b. UTC d. AUC
ABCD	38.	Unlike DNA, RNA a. contains deoxyribose. c. contains thymine. b. is double stranded. d. contains uracil.
ABCD	39.	Which molecule contains deoxyribose a. DNA c. tRNA b. mRNA d. both B and C
ABCD	40.	Each combination of three nitrogenous bases on messenger RNA forms a (an) a. anticodon. c. enzyme. b. codon. d. nuclei acid.
ABCD	41.	In RNA, uracil is complementary to: a. guanine c. thymine b. adenine d. cytosine
ABCD	42.	Once a molecule of transfer RNA has released its amino acid, the tRNA a. becomes attached to messenger RNA. b. becomes attached to ribosomal RNA. c. is destroyed as an individual molecule. d. moves away to pick up another amino acid.
ABCD	43.	If the sequence of bases in a segment of a DNA strand were cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine, adenine, then the sequence in a complimentary strand of newly-made mRNA would be a. cytosine, uracil, adenine, guanine, uracil c. uracil, adenine, cytosine, uracil, guanine b. guanine, cytosine, uracil, adenine, uracil d. cytosine, guanine, uracil, uracil, adenine
ABCD	44.	Which sugar is present in RNA a. glucose c. ribose b. sucrose d. deoxyribose
ABCD	45.	RNA differs from DNA, in that RNA a. is single-stranded. c. contains the nitrogen base uracil. b. contains a different sugar molecule. d. All of the above are correct.