Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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Self-Quiz Questions
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1. |
All organisms on your campus make up
a.
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an ecosystem. |
b.
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a community. |
c.
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a population. |
d.
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an experimental group. |
e.
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a taxonomic domain. |
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2. |
Which of the following is a correct sequence of levels in life’s hierarchy, proceeding downward from an individual animal?
a.
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brain, organ system, nerve cell, nervous tissue |
b.
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organ system, population of cells, nervous tissue, brain |
c.
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organism, organ system, tissue, cell, organ |
d.
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nervous system, brain, nervous tissue, nerve cell |
e.
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organ system, tissue, molecule, cell |
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3. |
Which of the following is not an observation or inference on which Darwin’s theory of natural selection is based?
a.
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Poorly adapted individuals never produce offspring. |
b.
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There is heritable variation among individuals. |
c.
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Because of overproduction of offspring, there is competition for limited resources. |
d.
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Individuals whose inherited characteristics best fit them to the environment will generally produce more offspring. |
e.
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A population can become adapted to its environment. |
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4. |
Systems biology is mainly an attempt to
a.
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understand the integration of all levels of biological organization from molecules to the biosphere. |
b.
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simplify complex problems by reducing the system into smaller, less complex units. |
c.
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model one level of biological organization based on an understanding of the lower levels of organization. |
d.
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provide a systematic method for interpretation of large amounts of biological data. |
e.
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speed up the technological application of scientific knowledge. |
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5. |
Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because
a.
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protists eat bacteria. |
b.
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bacteria are not made of cells. |
c.
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bacterial cells lack a nucleus. |
d.
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bacteria decompose protists. |
e.
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protists are photosynthetic. |
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6. |
Which of the following best demonstrates the unity among all organisms?
a.
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matching DNA nucleotide sequences |
b.
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descent with modification |
c.
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the structure and function of DNA |
d.
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natural selection |
e.
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emergent properties |
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7. |
Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?
a.
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The temperature decreased from 20°C to 15°C. |
b.
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The plant’s height is 25 centimeters. |
c.
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The fish swam in a zig-zag motion. |
d.
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The six pairs of robins hatched an average of three chicks. |
e.
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The contents of the human stomach are mixed about every 20 seconds. |
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8. |
Which of the following best describes the logic of hypothesis-based science?
a.
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If I generate a testable hypothesis, tests and observations will support it. |
b.
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If my prediction is correct, it will lead to a testable hypothesis. |
c.
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If my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis. |
d.
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If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results. |
e.
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If my experiments are set up right, they will lead to a testable hypothesis. |
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9. |
A controlled experiment is one that
a.
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proceeds slowly enough that a scientist can make careful records of the results. |
b.
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may include experimental groups and control groups tested in parallel. |
c.
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is repeated many times to make sure the results are accurate. |
d.
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keeps all environmental variables constant. |
e.
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is supervised by an experienced scientist. |
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10. |
Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in science?
a.
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Theories are hypotheses that have been proved. |
b.
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Hypotheses are guesses; theories are correct answers. |
c.
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Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad explanatory power. |
d.
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Hypotheses and theories are essentially the same thing. |
e.
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Theories are proved true in all cases; hypotheses are usually falsified by tests. |
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11. |
An element is to a (an) ____ as an organ is to a (an) ____.
a.
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atom; organism |
b.
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compound; organism |
c.
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molecule; cell |
d.
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atom; cell |
e.
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compound; organelle |
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12. |
In the term trace element, the modifier trace means
a.
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the element is required in very small amounts. |
b.
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the element can be used as a label to trace atoms through an organism’s metabolism. |
c.
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the element is very rare on Earth. |
d.
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the element enhances health but is not essential for the organism’s long-term survival. |
e.
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the element passes rapidly through the organism. |
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13. |
Compared to 31P, the radioactive isotope 32P has
a.
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a different atomic number. |
b.
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one more neutron. |
c.
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one more proton. |
d.
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one more electron. |
e.
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a different charge. |
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14. |
Atoms can be represented by simply listing the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons-for example, 2p+; 2n0; 2e- for helium. Which atom represents the 18O isotope of oxygen?
a.
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6p+; 8n0; 6e- |
b.
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8p+; 10n0; 8e- |
c.
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9p+; 9n0; 9e- |
d.
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7p+; 2n0; 9e- |
e.
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10p+; 8n0; 9e- |
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15. |
The atomic number of sulfur is 16. Sulfur combines with hydrogen by covalent bonding to form a compound, hydrogen sulfide. Based on the electron configuration of sulfur, we can predict that the molecular formula of the compound will be ____.
a.
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HS |
b.
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HS2 |
c.
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H2S |
d.
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H3S2 |
e.
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H4S |
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16. |
Review the valences of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen, and then determine which of the following molecules is most likely to exist.
a.
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O = C-H |
b.
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H H
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H – O – C – C = O
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H |
c.
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H H
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H- C- H – C = O
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H |
d.
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O
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H – N = H |
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17. |
The reactivity of an atom arises from
a.
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the average distance of the outermost electron shell from the nucleus. |
b.
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the existence of unpaired electrons in the valence shell. |
c.
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the sum of the potential energies of all the electron shells. |
d.
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the potential energy of the valence shell. |
e.
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the energy difference between the s and p orbitals. |
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18. |
Which of these statements is true of all anionic atoms?
a.
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The atom has more electrons than protons. |
b.
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The atom has more protons than electrons. |
c.
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The atom has fewer protons than does a neutral atom of the same element. |
d.
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The atom has more neutrons than protons. |
e.
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The net charge is 1-. |
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19. |
What coefficients must be placed in the blanks so that all atoms are accounted for in the products?
C6H12O6 ____C2H6O + ____CO2
a.
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1; 2 |
b.
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2; 2 |
c.
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1; 3 |
d.
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1; 1 |
e.
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3; 1 |
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20. |
Which of the following statements correctly describes any chemical reaction that has reached equilibrium?
a.
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The concentration of products equals the concentration of reactants. |
b.
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The rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction. |
c.
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Both forward and reverse reactions have halted. |
d.
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The reaction is now irreversible. |
e.
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No reactants remain. |
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21. |
What is the best explanation of the phrase “fitness of the environment” as used in this chapter?
a.
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Earth’s environment is constant. |
b.
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It is the physical environment, not life, that has changed. |
c.
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The environment of Earth has adapted to life. |
d.
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Life as we know it depends on certain environmental qualities on Earth. |
e.
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Water and other aspects of Earth’s environment exist because they make the planet more suitable for life. |
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22. |
Many mammals control their body temperature by sweating. Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature?
a.
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water’s change in density when it condenses |
b.
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water’s ability to dissolve molecules in the air |
c.
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the release of heat by the formation of hydrogen bonds |
d.
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the absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds |
e.
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water’s high surface tension |
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23. |
For two bodies of matter in contact, heat always flows from
a.
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the body with greater heat to the one with less heat. |
b.
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the body of higher temperature to the one of lower temperature. |
c.
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the denser body to the less dense body. |
d.
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the body with more water to the one with less water. |
e.
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the larger body to the smaller body. |
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24. |
A slice of pizza has 500 kcal. If we could burn the pizza and use all the heat to warm a 50-L container of cold water, what would be the approximate increase in the temperature of the water? (Note: A liter of cold water weighs about 1 kg).
a.
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50°C |
b.
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5°C |
c.
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10°C |
d.
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100°C |
e.
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1°C |
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25. |
The bonds that are broken when water vaporizes are
a.
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ionic bonds. |
b.
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bonds between water molecules. |
c.
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bonds between atoms within individual water molecules. |
d.
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polar covalent bonds. |
e.
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nonpolar covalent bonds. |
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26. |
Which of the following is an example of a hydrophobic material?
a.
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paper |
b.
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table salt |
c.
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wax |
d.
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sugar |
e.
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pasta |
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27. |
We can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a mole of vitamin C are equal in their
a.
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mass in daltons. |
b.
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mass in grams. |
c.
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number of molecules. |
d.
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number of atoms. |
e.
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volume. |
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28. |
How many grams of acetic acid (C2H4O2)would you use to make 10 L of a 0.1 M aqueous solution of acetic acid? (Note: The atomic masses, in daltons, are approximately 12 for carbon, 1 for hydrogen, and 16 for oxygen.)
a.
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10.0 g |
b.
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0.1 g |
c.
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6.0 g |
d.
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60.0 g |
e.
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0.6 g |
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29. |
Acid precipitation has lowered the pH of a particular lake to 4.0. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the lake?
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30. |
What is the hydroxide ion concentration of the lake described in question 9?
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