1st Semester 2006  Chapters 1 – 8 and  37

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Biology is the study of

a.	minerals.	c.	the weather.
b.	life.	d.	energy.

Instructions for traits that are passed from parents to offspring are known as

a.	a species plan.	c.	genes.
b.	organ codes.	d.	natural selections.

Homeostasis means

a.	a change over long periods of time.
b.	keeping things the same.
c.	rapid change.
d.	the same thing as evolution.

The smallest units that can carry on all the functions of life are called

a.	molecules.	c.	organelles.
b.	cells.	d.	species.

Living things

a.	need energy for life processes.
b.	have the ability to reproduce.
c.	are composed of cells.
d.	All of the above

A scientist noticed that in acidic pond water some salamanders developed with curved spines. This was a(n)

a.	hypothesis.	c.	observation.
b.	theory.	d.	control.

The smallest particle of carbon that can retain the chemical properties of carbon is

a.	a carbon molecule.
b.	a carbon macromolecule.
c.	a carbon atom.
d.	the nucleus of a carbon atom.

The electrons of an atom

a.	are found in the nucleus along with the protons.
b.	orbit the nucleus in various energy levels.
c.	have a positive charge.
d.	are attracted to the positive charge of neutrons.

Atoms that have gained energy

a.	have protons and neutrons that move farther apart.
b.	lose neutrons from the nucleus.
c.	have electrons that move to higher energy levels.
d.	absorb electrons into the nucleus.

Because carbon has four electrons in its outer energy level,

a.	it can form bonds with carbon atoms only.
b.	these atoms are naturally chemically stable.
c.	it can react with up to four other atoms to form covalent bonds.
d.	it cannot react with anything other than organic molecules.

Sharing of electrons between atoms of two or more elements

a.	results in the formation of an ion.
b.	results in the formation of a compound.
c.	results in the formation of noble gases.
d.	results in destabilization of the atoms involved.

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?

a.	Atoms held together by ionic bonds separate when placed in water, while atoms held together by covalent bonds do not separate in water.
b.	Ionic bonds hold together atoms of two different types, while covalent bonds hold together atoms of the same type.
c.	Electrons are exchanged between atoms held together by an ionic bond, but they are shared between atoms held together by a covalent bond.
d.	Ionic bonds form between atoms that carry opposite charges, while covalent bonds form between uncharged atoms.

All organic compounds contain the element

a.	C.	c.	Ca.
b.	N.	d.	Na.

Which of the following is a carbohydrate?

a.	DNA	c.	wax
b.	insulin	d.	sucrose

Animals store glucose in the form of

a.	cellulose.	c.	wax.
b.	glycogen.	d.	lipids.

Amino acids are monomers of

a.	disaccharides.	c.	nucleotides.
b.	proteins.	d.	steroids.

Refer to the illustration above. Molecules like molecule 2 are found in

a.	carbohydrates.	c.	nucleic acids.
b.	lipids.	d.	proteins.

Saturated fatty acids contain

a.	carbon atoms that are each bonded to four other atoms.
b.	carbon atoms linked by double bonds.
c.	no carboxyl (–COOH) groups.
d.	more than 100 carbon atoms.

Nucleic acids include

a.	chlorophyll and retinal.
b.	DNA and RNA.
c.	lipids and sugars.
d.	glucose and glycogen.

When the volume of a cell increases, its surface area

a.	increases at the same rate.
b.	remains the same.
c.	increases at a faster rate.
d.	increases at a slower rate.

One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that

a.	nucleic acids are found only in prokaryotes.
b.	mitochondria are found in larger quantities in eukaryotes.
c.	the Golgi apparatus is found only in prokaryotes.
d.	prokaryotes have no nuclear membrane.

Only eukaryotic cells have

a.	DNA.	c.	ribosomes.
b.	membrane-bound organelles.	d.	cytoplasm.

The structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is called the

a.	nucleus.	c.	nuclear membrane.
b.	cell wall.	d.	plasma membrane.

A structure within a cell that performs a specific function is called a(n)

a.	organelle.	c.	tissue.
b.	organ tissue.	d.	biocenter.

The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that

a.	receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum.
b.	labels the molecules made in the endoplasmic reticulum with tags that specify their destination.
c.	releases molecules in vesicles.
d.	All of the above

In which of the following organelles is a cell’s ATP produced?

a.	mitochondrion	c.	Golgi apparatus
b.	endoplasmic reticulum	d.	lysosome

Proteins are made on the

a.	mitochondria.	c.	nucleus.
b.	ribosomes.	d.	plasma membrane.

Refer to the illustration above. Which structure immediately identifies this cell as a eukaryote?

a.	structure 1	c.	structure 3
b.	structure 2	d.	structure 4

Refer to the illustration above. Structure 1 is

a.	the endoplasmic reticulum.
b.	a Golgi apparatus.
c.	a mitochondrion.
d.	the nucleus.

The organelles associated with photosynthesis are the

a.	mitochondria.	c.	Golgi apparatus.
b.	chloroplasts.	d.	vacuoles.

Diffusion takes place

a.	only through a lipid bilayer membrane.
b.	from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
c.	only in liquids.
d.	from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

The process by which water passes into or out of a cell is called

a.	solubility.	c.	selective transport.
b.	osmosis.	d.	endocytosis.

Refer to the illustration above. The process shown is called

a.	osmosis.	c.	active transport.
b.	facilitated diffusion.	d.	diffusion.

Ridding the cell of material by discharging it from sacs at the cell surface is called

a.	pinocytosis.	c.	exocytosis.
b.	phagocytosis.	d.	endocytosis.

Placing a plant into a hypertonic environment will

a.	cause turgor pressure to increase.
b.	cause the plant to take in water.
c.	have no effect.
d.	cause turgor pressure to decrease.

Based on the cycle of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, one can say that the ultimate original source of energy for all living things on Earth is

a.	glucose.	c.	the sun.
b.	water.	d.	carbon dioxide.

Suspended in the fluid stroma of chloroplasts are

a.	organelles called eukaryotes.
b.	numerous mitochondrial membranes.
c.	small coins that provide energy.
d.	stacks of thylakoids called grana.

The role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis is to

a.	absorb light energy.
b.	pass electrons to carotenoids.
c.	split water molecules.
d.	All of the above

What happens when a chlorophyll molecule absorbs light?

a.	Some of its electrons are raised to a higher energy level.
b.	It disintegrates, giving off huge amounts of heat.
c.	It glows, radiating green light and giving the plant a green appearance.
d.	It attracts electrons from other molecules.

The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is

a.	carbon dioxide.	c.	chlorophyll.
b.	water.	d.	glucose.

The major atmospheric byproduct of photosynthesis is

a.	nitrogen.	c.	water.
b.	carbon dioxide.	d.	oxygen.

During photosynthesis, the series of reactions that create the complex carbohydrates needed for energy and growth is called

a.	the Calvin cycle.
b.	the Krebs cycle.
c.	the light reactions.
d.	the electron transport chain.

The process of cellular respiration

a.	is performed only by organisms that are incapable of photosynthesis.
b.	breaks down food molecules to release stored energy.
c.	occurs before plants are able to carry out photosynthesis.
d.	occurs only in animals.

When muscles are exercised extensively in the absence of sufficient oxygen,

a.	a large amount of ATP is formed.
b.	NADH molecules split.
c.	lactic acid is produced.
d.	cellular respiration ceases.

Which of the following is not part of cellular respiration?

a.	electron transport	c.	the Krebs cycle
b.	glycolysis	d.	the Calvin cycle

In order to fit within a cell, DNA becomes more compact by

a.	breaking apart into separate genes.
b.	extending to form very long, thin molecules.
c.	wrapping tightly around associated proteins.
d.	being enzymatically changed into a protein.

The diploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cell is 46. How many chromosomes are in a human egg cell?

a.	46	c.	23
b.	92	d.	12.5

Which of the following is not a characteristic of most insects?

a.	wings
b.	three body regions
c.	an endoskeleton
d.	abdomen with three pairs of legs

While insects can destroy crops grown for human consumption, they also contribute to crop production by

a.	serving as food for many animals.
b.	pollinating crop plants.
c.	feeding on decaying wood.
d.	stimulating crop plants to grow faster.

Refer to the illustration above. The life cycle shown is an example of

a.	direct development.
b.	complete metamorphosis.
c.	seasonal development.
d.	incomplete metamorphosis.