Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. |
Biology is the study of
a.
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minerals. |
c.
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the weather. |
b.
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life. |
d.
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energy. |
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2. |
Instructions for traits that are passed from parents to offspring are known as
a.
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a species plan. |
c.
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genes. |
b.
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organ codes. |
d.
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natural selections. |
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3. |
Homeostasis means
a.
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a change over long periods of time. |
b.
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keeping things the same. |
c.
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rapid change. |
d.
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the same thing as evolution. |
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4. |
The smallest units that can carry on all the functions of life are called
a.
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molecules. |
c.
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organelles. |
b.
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cells. |
d.
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species. |
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5. |
Living things
a.
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need energy for life processes. |
b.
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have the ability to reproduce. |
c.
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are composed of cells. |
d.
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All of the above |
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6. |
A scientist noticed that in acidic pond water some salamanders developed with curved spines. This was a(n)
a.
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hypothesis. |
c.
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observation. |
b.
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theory. |
d.
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control. |
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7. |
The smallest particle of carbon that can retain the chemical properties of carbon is
a.
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a carbon molecule. |
b.
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a carbon macromolecule. |
c.
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a carbon atom. |
d.
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the nucleus of a carbon atom. |
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8. |
The electrons of an atom
a.
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are found in the nucleus along with the protons. |
b.
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orbit the nucleus in various energy levels. |
c.
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have a positive charge. |
d.
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are attracted to the positive charge of neutrons. |
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9. |
Atoms that have gained energy
a.
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have protons and neutrons that move farther apart. |
b.
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lose neutrons from the nucleus. |
c.
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have electrons that move to higher energy levels. |
d.
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absorb electrons into the nucleus. |
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10. |
Because carbon has four electrons in its outer energy level,
a.
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it can form bonds with carbon atoms only. |
b.
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these atoms are naturally chemically stable. |
c.
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it can react with up to four other atoms to form covalent bonds. |
d.
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it cannot react with anything other than organic molecules. |
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11. |
Sharing of electrons between atoms of two or more elements
a.
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results in the formation of an ion. |
b.
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results in the formation of a compound. |
c.
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results in the formation of noble gases. |
d.
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results in destabilization of the atoms involved. |
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12. |
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?
a.
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Atoms held together by ionic bonds separate when placed in water, while atoms held together by covalent bonds do not separate in water. |
b.
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Ionic bonds hold together atoms of two different types, while covalent bonds hold together atoms of the same type. |
c.
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Electrons are exchanged between atoms held together by an ionic bond, but they are shared between atoms held together by a covalent bond. |
d.
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Ionic bonds form between atoms that carry opposite charges, while covalent bonds form between uncharged atoms. |
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13. |
All organic compounds contain the element
a.
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C. |
c.
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Ca. |
b.
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N. |
d.
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Na. |
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14. |
Which of the following is a carbohydrate?
a.
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DNA |
c.
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wax |
b.
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insulin |
d.
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sucrose |
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15. |
Animals store glucose in the form of
a.
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cellulose. |
c.
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wax. |
b.
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glycogen. |
d.
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lipids. |
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16. |
Amino acids are monomers of
a.
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disaccharides. |
c.
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nucleotides. |
b.
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proteins. |
d.
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steroids. |
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17. |
Refer to the illustration above. Molecules like molecule 2 are found in
a.
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carbohydrates. |
c.
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nucleic acids. |
b.
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lipids. |
d.
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proteins. |
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18. |
Saturated fatty acids contain
a.
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carbon atoms that are each bonded to four other atoms. |
b.
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carbon atoms linked by double bonds. |
c.
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no carboxyl (–COOH) groups. |
d.
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more than 100 carbon atoms. |
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19. |
Nucleic acids include
a.
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chlorophyll and retinal. |
b.
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DNA and RNA. |
c.
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lipids and sugars. |
d.
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glucose and glycogen. |
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20. |
When the volume of a cell increases, its surface area
a.
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increases at the same rate. |
b.
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remains the same. |
c.
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increases at a faster rate. |
d.
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increases at a slower rate. |
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21. |
One difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that
a.
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nucleic acids are found only in prokaryotes. |
b.
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mitochondria are found in larger quantities in eukaryotes. |
c.
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the Golgi apparatus is found only in prokaryotes. |
d.
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prokaryotes have no nuclear membrane. |
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22. |
Only eukaryotic cells have
a.
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DNA. |
c.
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ribosomes. |
b.
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membrane-bound organelles. |
d.
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cytoplasm. |
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23. |
The structure that regulates what enters and leaves the cell is called the
a.
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nucleus. |
c.
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nuclear membrane. |
b.
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cell wall. |
d.
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plasma membrane. |
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24. |
A structure within a cell that performs a specific function is called a(n)
a.
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organelle. |
c.
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tissue. |
b.
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organ tissue. |
d.
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biocenter. |
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25. |
The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that
a.
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receives proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum. |
b.
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labels the molecules made in the endoplasmic reticulum with tags that specify their destination. |
c.
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releases molecules in vesicles. |
d.
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All of the above |
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26. |
In which of the following organelles is a cell’s ATP produced?
a.
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mitochondrion |
c.
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Golgi apparatus |
b.
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endoplasmic reticulum |
d.
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lysosome |
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27. |
Proteins are made on the
a.
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mitochondria. |
c.
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nucleus. |
b.
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ribosomes. |
d.
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plasma membrane. |
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28. |
Refer to the illustration above. Which structure immediately identifies this cell as a eukaryote?
a.
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structure 1 |
c.
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structure 3 |
b.
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structure 2 |
d.
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structure 4 |
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29. |
Refer to the illustration above. Structure 1 is
a.
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the endoplasmic reticulum. |
b.
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a Golgi apparatus. |
c.
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a mitochondrion. |
d.
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the nucleus. |
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30. |
The organelles associated with photosynthesis are the
a.
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mitochondria. |
c.
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Golgi apparatus. |
b.
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chloroplasts. |
d.
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vacuoles. |
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31. |
Diffusion takes place
a.
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only through a lipid bilayer membrane. |
b.
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from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. |
c.
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only in liquids. |
d.
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from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
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32. |
The process by which water passes into or out of a cell is called
a.
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solubility. |
c.
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selective transport. |
b.
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osmosis. |
d.
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endocytosis. |
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33. |
Refer to the illustration above. The process shown is called
a.
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osmosis. |
c.
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active transport. |
b.
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facilitated diffusion. |
d.
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diffusion. |
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34. |
Ridding the cell of material by discharging it from sacs at the cell surface is called
a.
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pinocytosis. |
c.
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exocytosis. |
b.
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phagocytosis. |
d.
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endocytosis. |
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35. |
Placing a plant into a hypertonic environment will
a.
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cause turgor pressure to increase. |
b.
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cause the plant to take in water. |
c.
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have no effect. |
d.
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cause turgor pressure to decrease. |
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36. |
Based on the cycle of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, one can say that the ultimate original source of energy for all living things on Earth is
a.
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glucose. |
c.
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the sun. |
b.
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water. |
d.
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carbon dioxide. |
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37. |
Suspended in the fluid stroma of chloroplasts are
a.
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organelles called eukaryotes. |
b.
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numerous mitochondrial membranes. |
c.
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small coins that provide energy. |
d.
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stacks of thylakoids called grana. |
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38. |
The role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis is to
a.
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absorb light energy. |
b.
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pass electrons to carotenoids. |
c.
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split water molecules. |
d.
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All of the above |
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39. |
What happens when a chlorophyll molecule absorbs light?
a.
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Some of its electrons are raised to a higher energy level. |
b.
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It disintegrates, giving off huge amounts of heat. |
c.
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It glows, radiating green light and giving the plant a green appearance. |
d.
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It attracts electrons from other molecules. |
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40. |
The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is
a.
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carbon dioxide. |
c.
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chlorophyll. |
b.
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water. |
d.
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glucose. |
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41. |
The major atmospheric byproduct of photosynthesis is
a.
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nitrogen. |
c.
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water. |
b.
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carbon dioxide. |
d.
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oxygen. |
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42. |
During photosynthesis, the series of reactions that create the complex carbohydrates needed for energy and growth is called
a.
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the Calvin cycle. |
b.
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the Krebs cycle. |
c.
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the light reactions. |
d.
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the electron transport chain. |
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43. |
The process of cellular respiration
a.
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is performed only by organisms that are incapable of photosynthesis. |
b.
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breaks down food molecules to release stored energy. |
c.
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occurs before plants are able to carry out photosynthesis. |
d.
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occurs only in animals. |
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44. |
When muscles are exercised extensively in the absence of sufficient oxygen,
a.
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a large amount of ATP is formed. |
b.
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NADH molecules split. |
c.
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lactic acid is produced. |
d.
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cellular respiration ceases. |
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45. |
Which of the following is not part of cellular respiration?
a.
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electron transport |
c.
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the Krebs cycle |
b.
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glycolysis |
d.
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the Calvin cycle |
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46. |
In order to fit within a cell, DNA becomes more compact by
a.
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breaking apart into separate genes. |
b.
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extending to form very long, thin molecules. |
c.
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wrapping tightly around associated proteins. |
d.
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being enzymatically changed into a protein. |
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47. |
The diploid number of chromosomes in a human skin cell is 46. How many chromosomes are in a human egg cell?
a.
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46 |
c.
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23 |
b.
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92 |
d.
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12.5 |
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48. |
Which of the following is not a characteristic of most insects?
a.
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wings |
b.
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three body regions |
c.
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an endoskeleton |
d.
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abdomen with three pairs of legs |
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49. |
While insects can destroy crops grown for human consumption, they also contribute to crop production by
a.
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serving as food for many animals. |
b.
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pollinating crop plants. |
c.
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feeding on decaying wood. |
d.
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stimulating crop plants to grow faster. |
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50. |
Refer to the illustration above. The life cycle shown is an example of
a.
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direct development. |
b.
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complete metamorphosis. |
c.
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seasonal development. |
d.
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incomplete metamorphosis. |
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